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Jāzeps Vītols

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Geburt:
26.07.1863
Tot:
24.04.1948
Zusätzliche namen:
Jāzeps Vītols, Joseph Wihtol,
Kategorien:
, Dirigent, Mitglied der studentischen Körperschaft, Musiker, Professor, Publizist, Pädagoge, Rektor, Träger des Drei-Sterne-Ordens
Nationalitäten:
 lette
Friedhof:
Cimetière de la Forêt (Riga)

Jāzeps Vītols (German: Joseph Wihtol; July 26, 1863, Valmiera – April 24, 1948, Lübeck) was a Latvian composer.

Biography

 

Vītols, the son of a schoolteacher, began his studies in composition in 1880 at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. After graduating in 1886, he remained at the Conservatory to teach composition and reached the rank of Professor in 1901. His pupils there included Nikolai Myaskovsky and Sergei Prokofiev. Vītols was a close friend of fellow professors Alexander Glazunov and Anatoly Lyadov; he would regularly participate at Mitrofan Belyayev's "Weekly Fridays" — regular meetings of prominent Russian composers at Belyayev's home. At the time, Belyayev was Vītols' primary publisher. Besides academia, Vītols also spent time as a music critic for the St Petersburger Zeitung from 1897 to 1914.

In 1918, Vītols returned from Russia to his newly independent Latvia to conduct the Latvian National Opera. The following year, he established the first Latvian Conservatory of Music, which was later renamed the Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music in his honor, and he ran the composition classes there between 1919 and 1944. His most prominent students during his tenure were Jānis Ivanovs and Ādolfs Skulte. He also helped co-found the Latvian Composers' Society in 1923. In 1944, he moved to Lübeck in Germany and lived there until his death in 1948. His remains were returned to Riga in 1993.

Vītols was active not only as a composer, pedagogue, and conductor, but was also a pianist and prolific music critic. He was a member of Latvian student fraternity Fraternitas Lataviensis.

His choral music, especially Gaismas pils (The Castle of Light) is very popular with Latvian choirs, and is often included in the repertoire of the Latvian Song and Dance Festival. Vītols vocal and choral works are published by Musica Baltica Ltd in Riga.

Style

Taking his cue from his Russian colleagues, Vītols became the leading exponent of national romanticism in Latvia. He is considered to be the father of a distinctively Latvian classical music, being the first Latvian composer to achieve international stature. His work reveals the undeniable influence of his teacher Rimsky-Korsakov, not least in the brilliance of its orchestration, an assessment which was shared by Vītols' friend and fellow composer Alexander Glazunov. During his time in Russia, Vītols became deeply interested in Latvian folklore and conducted the Latvian Choir in Saint Petersburg. His melodies clearly draw upon his heritage, and often directly feature Latvian folk tunes. In striving to forge a musical style for Latvia, Vītols emulated the processes of the Russian national school. His large-scale works, which are mostly cast in sonata form, are often characterized by impressive dramatic development. Overall, in comparison with many other 20th century composers, he tended to be rather conservative but nonetheless possessed a masterly composition technique.

Works

 

Orchestral
  • Symphony in E minor (1886–88)
  • Dramatic Overture, op. 21 (1895)
  • Sprīdītis, op. 37, symphonic poem (1907)
  • Fantasy on Latvian Folk Tunes, op. 42, for violin and orchestra (1908–10)
  • Rudens dziesma (Autumn Song), symphonic ballade (1928)
Vocal
  • Beverīnas dziedonis (The Bard of Beverīna), op. 28, ballade for baritone and orchestra (1891, rev. 1900)
  • Dziesma (The Song), op. 35, cantata for soprano, choir, and orchestra (1908)
  • Ziemeļblāzma (Northern Lights), op. 45, cantata (1914)
  • Kalna sprediķis (Sermon on the Mount), Easter cantata for baritone, women's choir, organ, and orchestra (1943)
  • ca. 100 lieder
  • ca. 100 choral songs
  • ca. 300 folk song arrangements
Chamber
  • String Quartet in G major, op. 27 (1899)
  • Sketch for Cello and Piano, op. 12
  • Récit for Viola or Cello and Piano, op. 14 (1894)
Piano
  • Piano Sonata in B-flat minor, op. 1 (1886)
  • Piano Sonatina in B, op. 63
  • 8 Latvian Folk Tunes for Piano, op. 32
  • numerous character pieces

 

Ursache: wikipedia.org, news.lv

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        NameBeziehungGeburtTotBeschreibung
        1
        Jānis VītolsVater20.05.182708.12.1889
        2
        Anna VītolaMutter00.00.183429.08.1892
        3Harijs VītolsHarijs VītolsBrüder00.00.186109.12.1881
        4Ansis VītolsAnsis VītolsBrüder00.00.186500.00.1912
        5
        Pauls VītolsBrüder00.00.185700.00.1859
        6Aleksandrs VītolsAleksandrs VītolsBrüder00.00.186622.08.1949
        7
        Eižens VītolsBrüder00.00.187225.04.1900
        8
        Ida VītolaSchwester00.00.186000.08.1871
        9Agnese VītolaAgnese VītolaSchwester00.00.185800.00.1919
        10Annija VītolaAnnija VītolaEhefrau03.02.189002.12.1982
        11Helēna ViļumaHelēna ViļumaSchwägerin00.00.1893
        12Elizabete BērziņaElizabete BērziņaSchwägerin05.02.188503.04.1960
        13Aldona JozuusAldona JozuusRelative16.05.190924.02.1991
        14
        Kārlis KalējsEntfernter Verwandter09.08.186122.02.1947
        15Jānis OsītsJānis OsītsFreund07.06.188019.07.1964
        16Augusts DombrovskisAugusts DombrovskisFreund16.07.184513.11.1927
        17Pelcis DāvisPelcis DāvisFreund20.08.185013.04.1913
        18Jūlijs JaunkalniņšJūlijs JaunkalniņšFreund16.03.186614.02.1919
        19Aleksandrs GlazunovsAleksandrs GlazunovsFreund29.07.186521.03.1936
        20Burhards SosārsBurhards SosārsFreund15.03.189012.03.1953
        21Andrejs JurjānsAndrejs JurjānsFreund30.09.185628.09.1922
        22Nikolajs AlunānsNikolajs AlunānsFreund04.12.185919.09.1919
        23Ādams ĀrgalisĀdams ĀrgalisArbeitskollege26.10.185123.01.1937
        24Malvīne Vīgnere-GrīnbergaMalvīne Vīgnere-GrīnbergaArbeitskollege25.10.187306.06.1949
        25Irēne HeseIrēne HeseBekanntschaft29.06.189607.02.1972
        26Jānis ReekstsJānis ReekstsBekanntschaft21.05.188121.11.1970
        27Brigaderu MaijaBrigaderu MaijaBekanntschaft11.12.185710.09.1940
        28Janis RozentālsJanis RozentālsBekanntschaft18.03.186608.01.1917
        29Miķelis JaneksMiķelis JaneksBekanntschaft25.05.185915.09.1938
        30
        Ernsts Rūdolfs PostelsLehrer00.00.182007.05.1889
        31Nikolai Rimski-KorsakowNikolai Rimski-KorsakowLehrer18.03.184421.06.1908
        32Lūcija GarūtaLūcija GarūtaSchüler14.05.190215.02.1977
        33Ādolfs SkulteĀdolfs SkulteSchüler28.10.190920.03.2000
        34Ādolfs ĀbeleĀdolfs ĀbeleSchüler24.01.188902.08.1967
        35Sergei Sergejewitsch ProkofjewSergei Sergejewitsch ProkofjewSchüler23.04.189105.03.1953
        36Maksis GoldinsMaksis GoldinsSchüler10.08.191721.01.2009
        37Valentīns UtkinsValentīns UtkinsSchüler17.07.190418.03.1995
        38Pēteris RībaPēteris RībaSchüler27.10.190025.01.1981
        39Anatolijs BērzkalnsAnatolijs BērzkalnsSchüler07.06.192211.11.1995
        40Imants SakssImants SakssSchüler16.01.191815.02.1991
        41Jānis ĶepītisJānis ĶepītisSchüler02.01.190809.08.1989
        42Haralds MednisHaralds MednisSchüler16.08.190604.07.2000
        43Voldemārs OzoliņšVoldemārs OzoliņšSchüler05.11.189615.02.1973
        44Jānis DreimanisJānis DreimanisSchüler12.11.190919.09.1963
        45Teodors ReitersTeodors ReitersSchüler23.03.188414.12.1956
        46Irma JaunzemeIrma JaunzemeSchüler27.09.189717.04.1975
        47Spricis PaegleSpricis PaegleGleichgesinnte09.03.187601.12.1962
        Schlagwörter