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Maria Theresa

Birth Date:
13.05.1717
Death date:
29.11.1780
Person's maiden name:
German: Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina
Extra names:
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina,(
Cemetery:
Set cemetery

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina) (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan,Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.

She started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. Upon the death of her father, Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria and France repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime. Prussia proceeded to invade the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia, sparking a nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession. Maria Theresa would later unsuccessfully try to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War.

She married Francis Stephen of Lorraine and had sixteen children, including Queen Marie Antoinette of France, Queen Maria Carolina of Naples, DuchessMaria Amalia of Parma and two Holy Roman Emperors, Joseph II and Leopold II. Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph, both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia, Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled by the counsel of her advisers. She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph's actions. Although she is considered to have been intellectually inferior to both Joseph and Leopold, Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects.

Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms, with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gottfried van Swieten, promoted commerce and the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened Austria's international standing. However, she refused to allow religious toleration and contemporary travellers thought her regime was bigoted and superstitious. As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars, she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects, but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers.

 

 

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        Relation nameRelation typeBirth DateDeath dateDescription
        1Leopold IILeopold IISon05.05.174701.03.1792
        2Marie AntoinetteMarie AntoinetteDaughter02.11.175516.10.1793
        3Francis IFrancis IHusband08.12.170818.08.1765
        4Luijs XVI BurbonsLuijs XVI BurbonsSon in-law23.08.175421.01.1793
        5Maria Luisa of SpainMaria Luisa of SpainDaughter in-law24.11.174515.05.1792
        6Marija Terēze BurboneMarija Terēze BurboneGrandson18.12.177819.10.1851
        7Francis IIFrancis IIGrandson12.02.176802.03.1835
        8Ferdinand III Ferdinando Giuseppe Giovanni BaptistaFerdinand III Ferdinando Giuseppe Giovanni BaptistaGrandson06.05.176918.06.1824
        9Archduke CharlesArchduke CharlesGrandson05.09.177130.04.1847
        10Maria Theresa of AustriaMaria Theresa of AustriaGranddaughter14.01.176707.11.1827
        11Joseph Franz of AustriaJoseph Franz of AustriaGreat grandson09.04.179930.06.1807
        12Franz Karl of AustriaFranz Karl of AustriaGreat grandson17.12.180208.03.1878
        13
        Johann Nepomuk of AustriaGreat grandson30.08.180519.02.1809
        14Ferdinand I of AustriaFerdinand I of AustriaGreat grandson19.04.179329.06.1875
        15
        Ludovika Elisabeth of AustriaGreat granddaughter18.02.179024.07.1791
        16
        Marie CarolineGreat granddaughter08.06.179416.03.1795
        17Maria LeopoldinaMaria LeopoldinaGreat granddaughter22.01.179711.12.1826
        18Maria Anna of AustriaMaria Anna of AustriaGreat granddaughter08.06.180428.12.1858
        19Clementina of AustriaClementina of AustriaGreat granddaughter01.03.179803.09.1881
        20
        Amalie Theresa of AustriaGreat granddaughter06.04.180707.04.1807
        21Marie Caroline of AustriaMarie Caroline of AustriaGreat granddaughter08.04.180122.05.1832
        22
        Caroline LudovikaGreat granddaughter04.12.179530.06.1799
        23Marie LouiseMarie LouiseGreat granddaughter12.12.179117.12.1847
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