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William IV Prince of Orange

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Дата народження:
01.09.1711
Дата смерті:
22.10.1751
Додаткові імена:
Willem Karel Hendrik Friso
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William IV, Prince of Orange-Nassau was the first hereditary Stadtholder of all the United Provinces.

Early life

William was born in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, the son of John William Friso, Prince of Orange, head of the Frisian branch of the House of Orange-Nassau, and of his wife Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). He was born six weeks after the death of his father.

William succeeded his father as Stadtholder of Friesland and also, under the regency of his mother until 1731, as Stadtholder of Groningen. In 1722 he was elected Stadtholder of Guelders.

Marriage and children

In 1720 William was named the 549th Knight of the Order of the Garter.

On 25 March 1734 he married at St. James' Palace Anne, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach. William and Anne had five children:

  • a stillborn daughter (born 19 December 1736)
  • a stillborn daughter (born 22 December 1739)
  • Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau (28 February 1743 - 6 May 1787), married Karl Christian of Nassau-Weilburg
  • Princess Anna of Orange-Nassau (15 November 1746 - 29 December 1746)
  • William V, Prince of Orange (8 March 1748 – 9 April 1806)

Later life

In 1739 William inherited the estates formerly owned by the Nassau-Dillenburg branch of his family, and in 1743 he inherited those formerly owned by the Nassau-Siegen branch of his family.

In April 1747 the French army entered Flanders, threatening the Netherlands, which was weakened by internal division. The Dutch decided that their country needed a single strong executive, and turned to the House of Orange. William and his family moved from Leeuwarden to The Hague.

On 4 May 1747, the States General of the Netherlands named William General Stadtholder of all seven of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and made the position hereditary for the first time. William first met Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1747, and two years later appointed him field marshal of the Dutch States Army, which later led to Louis Ernest serving as one of the regents for William's heir.

William IV was considered an attractive, educated, and accomplished prince in his prime. Although he had little experience in state affairs, William was at first popular with the people. He stopped the practice of indirect taxation by which independent contractors managed to make large sums for themselves. Nevertheless, he was also a Director-General of the Dutch East India Company, and his alliance with the business class deepened while the disparity between rich and poor grew.

William served as General Stadtholder of all the Netherlands until his death in 1751 at The Hague.

The county of Orange, Virginia, and the city of Orangeburg, South Carolina, are named after him

Джерело: wikipedia.org

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        Iм'я зв'язокТип відносинДата народженняДата смертіОпис
        1John William Friso Prince of OrangeJohn William Friso Prince of OrangeБатько14.08.168714.07.1711
        2Marie Louise Hesse-Kassel, LandgravineMarie Louise Hesse-Kassel, LandgravineМама07.02.168809.04.1765
        3Carolina Orange-Nassau, PrincessCarolina Orange-Nassau, PrincessДочка28.02.174306.05.1787
        4Amalia  Nassau-Dietz, PrincessAmalia Nassau-Dietz, PrincessСестра23.10.171018.09.1777
        5Wilhelm VIII von Hessen-KasselWilhelm VIII von Hessen-KasselДядя10.03.168201.02.1760
        6Fridrihs III KetlersFridrihs III KetlersДядя19.07.169221.01.1711
        7Frederick I of SwedenFrederick I of SwedenДядя17.04.167625.03.1751
        8Karl Friedrich  BadenKarl Friedrich BadenПлемінник22.11.172810.06.1811
        9Charles I Landgrave of Hesse-KasselCharles I Landgrave of Hesse-KasselДед03.08.165423.03.1730
        10Maria Amalia of KurlandMaria Amalia of KurlandБабушка12.06.165316.06.1711
        11Henriette  Nassau-Weilburg, PrincessHenriette Nassau-Weilburg, PrincessВнучка22.04.178002.01.1857
        12Jakob KettlerJakob KettlerДедушка28.10.161010.01.1682
        13Luīze KetlereLuīze KetlereБабушка13.09.161729.08.1676
        14Alexander  Württemberg, DukeAlexander Württemberg, DukeВнук09.09.180404.07.1885
        15Olga  FjodorownaOlga FjodorownaВнучка20.09.183912.04.1891
        16Duchess Maria DorotheaDuchess Maria DorotheaВнучка01.11.179730.03.1855
        17Ludvigs Hesens no HomburgasLudvigs Hesens no HomburgasДвоюродный брат/сестра15.01.170523.10.1745

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