Herbert Hoover

Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover was originally a professiona lmining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won theRepublican nomination, despite having no previous elected office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents (along with William Howard Taft) to have been elected without previous electoral experience or high military rank. America was prosperous and optimistic at the time, leading to a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith.

Hoover, a trained engineer, deeply believed in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63%, and increases in corporate taxes, none of which produced economic recovery during his term. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by failure to end the downward economic spiral. As a result of these factors, Hoover is ranked poorly among former US Presidents.

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Herbert Hoover  31st President of the United States In office March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 Vice President Charles Curtis Preceded by Calvin Coolidge Succeeded by Franklin Roosevelt 3rd United States Secretary of Commerce In office March 5, 1921 – August 21, 1928 President Warren Harding Calvin Coolidge Preceded by Joshua Alexander Succeeded by William Whiting Personal details Born Herbert Clark Hoover August 10, 1874 West Branch, Iowa, U.S. Died October 20, 1964 (aged 90) New York City, New York, U.S. Political party Republican Spouse(s) Lou Henry Children Herbert Allan Alma mater George Fox University Stanford University Profession Mining engineer Civil engineer Businessperson Humanitarian Religion Quaker Signature

OFFICE NAME TERM

President Herbert Hoover 1929–1933

Vice President Charles Curtis 1929–1933  

Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson 1929–1933 

Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon 1929–1932   Ogden L. Mills 1932–1933

Secretary of War James W. Good 1929   Patrick J. Hurley 1929–1933

Attorney General William D. Mitchell 1929–1933

Postmaster General Walter F. Brown 1929–1933

Secretary of the Navy Charles F. Adams 1929–1933

Secretary of the Interior Ray L. Wilbur 1929–1933

Secretary of Agriculture Arthur M. Hyde 1929–1933

Secretary of Commerce Robert P. Lamont 1929–1932  

Roy D. Chapin 1932–1933

Secretary of Labor James J. Davis 1929–1930