Ken Adam

Sir Kenneth Hugo "Ken" Adam, OBE (born Klaus Hugo Adam; 5 February 1921 – 10 March 2016) was a German-born British motion picture production designer best known for his set designs for the James Bond films of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as for Dr. Strangelove.

Spouse: Maria Letitzia (m. 1952–2016), his death

Early life and education

Adam was born in Berlin, Germany to a Jewish family, the son of a former Prussian cavalryman. He was the son of Lilli (Saalfeld), who operated a boarding house, and Fritz Adam, who ran a successful high-fashion clothing store. The company S.Adam (Berlin, Leipziger Straße / Friedrichstraße) was established in 1863 by Saul Adam. Adam was educated at the Französisches Gymnasium Berlin (Berlin French school), and the family had a summer house on the Baltic.

The same year the Nazi Party rose to power, the family's shop went bankrupt. Adam watched the Reichstag fire from the Tiergarten. The family relocated to England in 1934.

England

Adam was 13 years old when his family moved to England. Adam went to St. Paul's School in London, and then attended University College London and Bartlett School of Architecture, training to be an architect.

Career

RAF service

When World War II began, the Adam family were German citizens and could have been interned as enemy aliens. Adam was able to join the Pioneer Corps, a support unit of the British Army open to citizens of Axis countries resident in the UK and other Commonwealth countries, provided they were not considered a risk to security. Adam was seconded to design bomb shelters. In 1940, Adam successfully applied to join the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve as a pilot. He was one of only three German-born pilots in the wartime RAF. As such, if he had been captured by the Germans, he was liable to execution as a traitor rather than being treated as a prisoner of war. Flight Lieutenant Adam joined No. 609 Squadron at RAF Lympne on 1 October 1943. He was nicknamed “Heinie the tank-buster” by his comrades for his daring exploits. The squadron flew the Hawker Typhoon, initially in support of USAAF long-range bombing missions over Europe. Later they were employed in support of ground troops, including at the battle of the Falaise Gap, in Normandy after D-Day. In 1944 his brother Denis joined No. 183 Squadron, joining Adam in No. 123 Wing.

Films

Adam entered the film industry as a draughtsman for This Was a Woman (1948). He met his Italian wife Maria Letizia while filming in Ischia, and they married on 16 August 1952. His first major screen credit was as production designer on the British thriller Soho Incident (1956). In the mid-1950s he worked (uncredited) on the epics Around the World in 80 Days (also 1956) and Ben-Hur (1959), directed by Jacques Tourneur. His first major credit was for the horror film Night of the Demon (1957), and he was the production designer on several films directed by Robert Aldrich. He was hired for the first James Bond film, Dr. No (1962). For Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove (1964), described by the British Film Institute (BFI) as "gleaming and sinister." He turned down the opportunity to work on Kubrick's next project 2001: A Space Odyssey after he found out that Kubrick had been working with NASA for a year on space exploration, and that would put him at a disadvantage in developing his art.

This enabled Adam to make his name with his innovative, semi-futuristic sets for further James Bond films such as Goldfinger (1964), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967) and Diamonds Are Forever (1971). The supertanker set for The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) was constructed in the largest sound stage in the world at the time. It was lit by Stanley Kubrick in secret. His last Bond film was Moonraker (1979). Writing for the British newspaper The Guardian in 2005, journalist Johnny Dee claimed: "His sets for the seven Bond films he worked on [...] are as iconic as the movies themselves and set the benchmark for every blockbuster".

Adam's other film credits include The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960), the Michael Caine espionage thriller The Ipcress File (1965) and its sequel Funeral in Berlin (1966), the Peter O'Toole version of Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969), Sleuth (1972), Salon Kitty (1976), Agnes of God (1985), Addams Family Values (1993) and The Madness of King George (1994). He was also a visual consultant on the film version of Pennies from Heaven (1981) adapted from Dennis Potter's television serial.

Adam returned to work with Kubrick on Barry Lyndon (1975), for which he won his first Oscar. The BFI noted the film's "contrastingly mellow Technicolor beauties" in its depiction of the 18th century. He also designed the famous car for the film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), which was produced by the same team as the James Bond film series. During the late 1970s he worked on storyboards and concept art for Star Trek: Planet of the Titans, then in pre-production. The film was eventually shelved by Paramount Pictures.

Adam was a jury member at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival and the 49th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1999, during the Victoria and Albert Museum exhibition "Ken Adam – Designing the Cold War", Adam spoke on his role in the design of film sets associated with the 1960s through the 1980s.

Adam was naturalised as a British citizen, and was awarded the OBE for services to the film industry. In 2003, Adam was knighted for services to the film industry and Anglo-German relations. He died on 10 March 2016 in London.

Ken Adam Archive at the Deutsche Kinemathek

In September 2012, Sir Ken Adam handed over his entire body of work to the Deutsche Kinemathek. The collection comprises approximately 4,000 sketches for films from all periods, photo albums to individual films, storyboards of his employees, memorabilia, military medals and identity documents as well as all cinematic awards, including Adam's two Academy Awards.

Awards

• 1964 – British Film Academy Award for Dr. Strangelove.
• 1965 – British Film Academy Award for The IPCRESS File.

He was also BAFTA-nominated for Goldfinger, Thunderball, You Only Live Twice, Sleuth, Barry Lyndon, The Spy Who Loved Me and The Madness of King George.

• 1975 – Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his recreation of 18th century England in Barry Lyndon.
• 1994 – Academy Award for Best Art Direction for work on The Madness of King George.

He was also nominated for Academy Awards for Around the World in Eighty Days, The Spy Who Loved Me and Addams Family Values.

He received the Art Directors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001.

2003 – Ciak di Corallo — career award for Ischia Film Festival