Tadeusz Komorowski
- Birth Date:
- 01.06.1895
- Death date:
- 24.08.1966
- Extra names:
- Тадеуш Коморовский, Tadeušs Komarovskis, Tadeusz Komorowski
- Categories:
- Farmer, General, Hero of nation, Military person, Nobleman, landlord, Politician, WWI participant, WWII participant
- Nationality:
- pole
- Cemetery:
- London Borough Of Hounslow, Gunnersbury Cemetery
General Count Tadeusz Komorowski (Korczak Coat of Arms) (1 June 1895 - 24 August 1966), better known by the name Bór-Komorowski (after one of his wartime code-names: Bór - "The Forest") was a Polish military leader.
Komorowski was born in Lwów (now L'viv in Ukraine), in the Austrian partition of Poland. In theFirst World War he served as an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and after the war became an officer in the Polish Army, rising to command the Grudziądz Cavalry School.
The Uprising
After taking part in the fighting against the German invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II in 1939, Komorowski, with the code-name Bór, helped organize the Polish underground in the Kraków area. In July 1941 he became deputy commander of the Home Army (Armia Krajowaor "AK"), and in March 1943 gained appointment as its commander, with the rank of Brigadier-General.
In mid 1944, as Soviet forces advanced into central Poland, the Polish government-in-exile in London instructed Bór-Komorowski to prepare for an armed uprising in Warsaw. The government-in-exile wished to return to a capital city liberated by Poles not seized by the Soviets and prevent the Communist take-over of Poland which Stalin had clearly set in train.
The Warsaw Uprising began on Komorowski's order on 1 August 1944 and the insurgents of the AK seized control of most of central Warsaw. Elements of the Soviet Army stood only 20 km (12 mi) away but on Joseph Stalin's orders gave no assistance: Stalin described the rising as a "criminal adventure." The British managed to drop some supplies by air but could give no direct assistance. The Germans employed large forces of Waffen-SS and regular troops, plus auxiliary forces made up of Soviet Army deserters, who acted particularly brutally, under the command ofErich von dem Bach.
In September 1944, Bór-Komorowski was promoted to General Inspector of the Armed Forces(Polish Commander-in-Chief).
Aftermath
After two months of fierce fighting Bór-Komorowski surrendered to the Germans on 2 October, on condition that Germany treat the AK fighters as prisoners-of-war, which they did. Bór-Komorowski went into internment in Germany (at Oflag IV-C). Despite pressure from Germans, he refused to issue orders of surrender to Home Army units in German controlled Poland who continued fighting. Liberated at the end of the war, he spent the rest of his life in London, where he played an active rôle in Polish émigré circles. From 1947 to 1949 he served as Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile, which no longer had diplomatic recognition from most Western European countries. He wrote the story of his experiences in The Secret Army (1951). He died in London aged 71.
Honours and awards
- Order of the White Eagle (posthumously, 1995)
- Commander's Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari (previously awarded the Knight's Cross, the Gold Cross and the Silver Cross)
- Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (previously awarded the Officer's Cross)
- Cross of Valour - three times
- Gold Cross of Merit with Swords
- Gold Cross of Merit
- Silver Cross of Merit
- Honorary citizen of Glowno (posthumously, 2004)
Source: wikipedia.org, mod.uk
No places
| Relation name | Relation type | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Tadeusz Jordan-Rozwadowski | Commander | |
| 2 |  | Leopold Okulicki | Soldier | |
| 3 |  | Stefan Bałuk | Soldier | |
| 4 |  | Stanisław Jankowski | Soldier | |
| 5 |  | Jan Piwnik | Soldier |
14.02.1919 | The Polish-Soviet war started
The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was an armed conflict that pitted Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine against the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic over the control of an area equivalent to today's Ukraine and parts of modern-day Belarus. Ultimately the Soviets, following on from their Westward Offensive of 1918–19, hoped to fully occupy Poland. Although united under communist leadership, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine were theoretically two separate independent entities since the Soviet republics did not unite into the Soviet Union until 1922.
01.09.1939 | Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War (Polish: Kampania wrześniowa or Wojna obronna 1939 roku) in Poland and the Poland Campaign (German: Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiß (Case White) in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement which terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities (Nomonhan incident) in the east on 16 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland.
17.07.1943 | Gen. dyw. Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski został mianowany dowódcą Armii Krajowej
15.01.1944 | 27. Wołyńska Dywizja Piechoty rozpoczęła Akcję "Burza" na Wołyniu
Akcja „Burza” – operacja wojskowa zorganizowana i podjęta przez oddziały Armii Krajowej przeciw wojskom niemieckim w końcowej fazie okupacji niemieckiej, bezpośrednio przed wkroczeniem Armii Czerwonej, prowadzona w granicach II Rzeczypospolitej. Trwała od 4 stycznia 1944, kiedy wojska radzieckie przekroczyły na Wołyniu granicę polsko-radziecką z 1939, do stycznia 1945.
07.07.1944 | Operation Ostra Brama
Operation Ostra Brama (lit. Operation Gate of Dawn) was an armed conflict during World War II between the Polish Home Army and the Nazi German occupiers of Vilnius (Polish: Wilno). It began on 7 July 1944, as part of a Polish national uprising, Operation Tempest, and lasted until 14 July 1944. Though the Germans were defeated, the following day the Soviet Red Army entered the city and the Soviet NKVD proceeded to intern Polish soldiers and to arrest their officers. Several days later, the remains of the Polish Home Army retreated into the forests, and the Soviets were in control of the city. From the Polish point of view, while the German defeat constitutes a Polish tactical victory, the ensuing destruction of the Polish units by the Soviets resulted in a strategic defeat, especially considering the goals of Operation Tempest. From the Soviet point of view, the operation was a complete success, as both the Germans and the Poles loyal to the London government suffered a defeat.
31.07.1944 | Dowódca AK gen. Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski wydał rozkaz rozpoczęcia 1 sierpnia powstania warszawskiego
01.08.1944 | Began the Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising (Polish: powstanie warszawskie) was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces.[9] However, the Soviet advance stopped short, enabling the Germans to regroup and demolish the city while defeating the Polish resistance, which fought for 63 days with little outside support. The Uprising was the largest single military effort taken by any European resistance movement during World War II.
02.10.1944 | 63. dzień powstania warszawskiego: w nocy z 2 na 3 października podpisano honorowy akt o kapitulacji powstania
Rozmowy kapitulacyjne i podpisanie kapitulacji powstania warszawskiego.