Wallace Reid

Wallace Reid (April 15, 1891 – January 18, 1923) was an American actor in silent film referred to as "the screen's most perfect lover".

Early life

Reid was born William Wallace Halleck Reid in St. Louis, Missouri, into a show business family. His mother, Bertha Westbrook (1868–1939), was an actress and his father, James Halleck aka Hal Reid (1862–1920), worked successfully in a variety of theatrical jobs, mainly as playwright and actor, traveling the country. As a boy, Wallace Reid was performing on stage at an early age but acting was put on hold while he obtained an education at Freehold Military School in Freehold Township, New Jersey. Reid graduated from Perkiomen Seminary in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1909. A gifted all-around athlete, Reid participated in a number of sports while also following an interest in music, learning to play the piano, banjo, drums, and violin. As a teenager, he spent time in Wyoming where he learned to be an outdoorsman.

Career

Reid was drawn to the burgeoning motion picture industry by his father, who would shift from the theatre to acting, writing, and directing films. In 1910, Reid appeared in his first film, The Phoenix, an adaptation of a Milton Nobles play filmed at Selig Polyscope Studios in Chicago. Reid used the script from a play his father had written and approached the very successful Vitagraph Studios, hoping to be given the opportunity to direct. Instead, Vitagraph executives capitalized on his sex appeal and, in addition to having him direct, cast him in a major role. Although Reid's good looks and powerful physique made him the perfect "matinée idol", he was equally happy with roles behind the scenes and often worked as a writer, cameraman, and director.

Wallace Reid appeared in several films with his father and, as his career in film flourished, he was soon acting and directing with and for early film mogul Allan Dwan. In 1913, while at Universal Pictures, Reid met and married actressDorothy Davenport (1895–1977). He was featured in Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916), both directed byD.W. Griffith, and starred opposite leading ladies such as Florence Turner, Gloria Swanson, Lillian Gish, Elsie Ferguson, and Geraldine Farrar en route to becoming one of Hollywood's major heartthrobs.

Already involved with the creation of more than 100 motion picture shorts, Reid was signed by producer Jesse L. Lasky and would star in another sixty plus films for Lasky's Famous Players film company, later Paramount Pictures. Frequently paired with actress Ann Little, his action hero role as the dashing race car driver drew young girls and older women alike to theaters to see his daredevil auto thrillers such as The Roaring Road (1919), Double Speed (1920), Excuse My Dust (1920), andToo Much Speed (1921). One of his auto racing films, Across the Continent (1922), was chosen as the opening night film for San Francisco's Castro Theatre, which opened 22 June 1922.

Death

While on location in Oregon, filming The Valley of the Giants (1919), Reid was injured in a train wreck and, in order to keep on filming, he was prescribed morphine for relief of his pain. Reid soon became addicted but kept on working at a frantic pace in films that were growing more physically demanding and changing from 15–20 minutes in duration to as much as an hour. Reid's morphine addiction worsened at a time when drug rehabilitation programs were non-existent, and he died in a sanitarium while attempting recovery.

Wallace Reid was interred in the Azalea Terrace of the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Aftermath

His widow, Dorothy Davenport (billed as Mrs. Wallace Reid), co-produced and appeared in Human Wreckage (1923), making a national tour with the film to publicize the dangers of drug addiction. She and Reid had two children: a son, Wallace Reid, Jr., born in 1917; and a daughter, Betty Mummert, whom they adopted in 1922 at age three. Reid's widow never remarried.

Wallace Reid's contribution to the motion-picture industry has been recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In 2011, his official biography, Wally: The True Wallace Reid Story by David W. Menefee (Foreword by Robert Osborne), was sanctioned by Reid's surviving relatives and published by BearManor Media.[1] The biography was submitted for a 2011 Pulitzer Prize.

Selected filmography

• The Deer Slayer (1911)
• Indian Romeo and Juliet (1912)
• Jean Intervenes (1912)
• His Only Son (1912)
• The Ways of Fate (1913)
• The Picture of Dorian Gray (1913)
• The Deerslayer (1913)
• The Chorus Lady (1915)(*w/Cleo Ridgely)
• Carmen (1915) (Extant)
• Old Heidelberg (1915) (Extant)
• Enoch Arden (1915)
• The Lost House (1915)
• The Birth of a Nation (1915) (Extant)
• The Golden Chance (1915) (Extant) (*w/Cleo Ridgely)
• To Have and to Hold (1916) (Lost)
• Maria Rosa (1916) (Extant)
• Intolerance (1916) (Extant)
• The Yellow Pawn (1916) (Lost) (*w/Cleo Ridgely)
• Joan the Woman (1917) (Extant)
• The Prison Without Walls(1917)
• The World Apart (1917) (Lost)
• Big Timber (1917) (Lost)
• The Squaw Man's Son (1917) (Lost)
• The Hostage (1917) (Lost)
• The Woman God Forgot (1917) (Extant)
• Nan of Music Mountain (1917) (Lost)
• The Devil-Stone (1917) (incomplete)
• Rimrock Jones (1918) (Lost)
• The Thing We Love (1918) (*directed by Lou Tellegen) (Lost)
• The House of Silence (1918) (Lost)
• Believe Me, Xantippe (1918) (Lost)
• The Firefly of France (1918) (Lost)
• Less Than Kin (1918) (Lost)
• The Source (1918) (Lost)
• The Man from Funeral Range (1918) (Lost)
• Too Many Millions (1918) (Lost)
• The Dub (1919) (Lost)
• Alias Mike Moran (1919) (Lost)
• The Roaring Road (1919) (Extant)
• You're Fired (1919) (Extant)
• The Love Burglar (1919) (Lost)
• The Valley of the Giants (1919) (Extant)
• The Lottery Man (1919) (Lost)
• Hawthorne of the U.S.A. (1919) (Extant; Library of Congress)
• The Crucifix of Destiny (1920) (Lost)
• Double Speed (1920)?? (Lost)
• Excuse My Dust (1920) (Extant; Library of Congress)
• The Dancin' Fool (1920) (Extant)
• Sick Abed (1920) (Extant; Library of Congress)
• What's Your Hurry? (1920) (Extant; Gosfilmofond)
• Always Audacious (1920) (Lost)
• The Charm School (1921) (Lost)
• The Love Special (1921) (Extant; Library of Congress)
• Too Much Speed (1921) (Lost)
• The Hell Diggers (1921) (Lost)
• The Affairs of Anatol (1921) (Extant)
• Forever (1921) (Lost)
• Don't Tell Everything (1921) (Lost)
• Rent Free (1922) (Lost)
• The World's Champion (1922) (incomplete ; Library of Congress)
• Across the Continent (1922) (Lost)
• The Dictator (1922) (Lost)
• Nice People (1922) (Lost)
• The Ghost Breaker (1922) (Lost)
• Clarence (1922) (Lost)
• Thirty Days (1922) (Lost)
• A Trip to Paramountown (1922) (*short film) (Extant)
• Across the Continent (1922) (Lost) opening night film of the Castro Theatre inSan Francisco June 22, 1922

Bibliography

• The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era by David W. Menefee. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007.
• Col. Selig’s Stories of Movie Life – Wallace Reid. Screenland. Chicago: Screenland Publishing Company, April 1923.
• The Autobiography of Cecil B. DeMille. By Cecil B. DeMille. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1959.
• I Blow My Own Horn. By Jesse L. Lasky. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1957.
• Two Reels and a Crank. By Albert E. Smith. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1952.
• Griffith: The Birth of a Nation Part 1. By Seymour Stern. New York: Film Culture, 1965.
• Swanson on Swanson. By Gloria Swanson. New York: Random House, 1980.
• Wallace Reid Dies in Fight on Drugs. The New York Times, January 19, 1923.
• Wally, the Genial. By Maude S. Cheatham in Motion Picture Magazine. New York: Brewster Publications, Inc., October 1920.