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Ludwik Mierosławski

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Birth Date:
17.01.1814
Death date:
22.11.1878
Extra names:
Ludwik Mierosławski, Людвик Мерославский
Categories:
General, Historian, Independece fighter, Nobleman, landlord, Poet, Politician, Writer
Nationality:
 french, pole
Cemetery:
Paris, Montparnasse Cemetery

Ludwik Adam Mierosławski (January 17, 1814, Nemours, Seine-et-Marne – November 22, 1878, Paris) was a Polish general, writer, poet, historian and political activist. Took part in the November Uprising of the 1830s, after its fall he emigrated to France, where he taught Slavic history and military theory. Chosen as a commander for the Greater Poland Uprising of 1846, he was taken prisoner early but amnestied during the Spring of Nations. In 1848 and 1849 he fought for the insurgents in Baden and in the Electorate of the Palatinate. Afterwards he returned to France; he also had contacts with Italian activists like Giuseppe Garibaldi. He also took part in the January Uprising in the 1860s, as the first of four dictators of the Uprising.

Mierosławski was born on 17 January 1814 in Nemours, France, as a son of Colonel Adam Kasper Mierosławski (1785–1837), an officer of the Duchy of Warsaw and Polish Legions of the Napoleonic period) and aide to French general Louis Nicolas Davout, who became Mierosławski's godfather. His mother was of French origin, Camilla Notte de Vaupleux. His brother was Adam Mierosławski, an engineer and naval captain.

His family moved to the Congress Poland in 1820. Mierosławski attended schools in Łomża and Kalisz, and at the age of 15 he became a podchorąży (officer's candidate) in the 5th Infantry Pułk.

During the November Uprising, when Poles rose against the Russian forces in Congress Poland, he was a lieutenant serving under General Samuel Różycki. With him he fought and eventually retreated to Galicia, and later emigrated to France, where he became an active member of various Polish emigree organizations, particularly Polish Democratic Society and carbonari Young Poland.

In 1839–1840 he gave lectures on the history of Slavic people in French Historical Institute in Paris; he was also considered by many among the Polish emigrants as a knowledgeable tactician and military strategist after the publication of a history of the November Uprising in Poland, Histoire de la revolution de Pologne (Paris, 1836–38). He also published several poems, but they were not considered very significant.

He was chosen as the leader of Greater Poland Uprising of 1846, but the leaders of the Polish Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) underground, including Mierosławski, were arrested by Prussian authorities. He was sentenced to death in December 1847 but was amnestied by Frederick William IV of Prussia during the Spring of Nations in March 1848.

In the next few years, he would act as the commander of the Greater Poland Uprising of 1848, chief of staff of the revolutionary Italian army in Palermo (Sicily) fighting against Bourbons (December 1848 - April 1849) and then commander of German insurgent units in Baden and in the Electorate of the Palatinate during the revolutions of 1848 in the German states. Eventually after most of the insurgent forces were defeated, he returned to Paris in 1849.

He vocally opposed the peaceful positivist movement, and supported the idea of another uprising in Poland. In 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi nominated him for the commander of the International Legion in the Expedition of the Thousand which brought him back to Palermo.

In 1861 Mierosławski became a commander of Polish-Italian military school in Genoa. In 1863 he returned to Poland to join the January Uprising, where he became the first dictator of the Uprising. Eventually after suffering two defeats (battle of Krzywosądz and battle of Nowa Wieś), and political conflict with Marian Langiewicz, Mierosławski resigned as the dictator and returned to Paris. He would be a vocal critic of the preparation and organization of the January Uprising. He continued to take part in politics of Polish emigrants, but he lost popularity.

After the changed political climate of Franco-Prussian War, due to his age as well as significant opposition and criticism from other emigree leaders, he retired from any active engagement in politics. He died on 22 November 1878 in Paris.

Works

  • Autobiography (1841, under his mother's name)
  • poems (various, particularly from the 1830s to 1840s)
  • Rozbiór krytyczny kampanii 1831 roku (Critical deconstruction of the campaign of 1831) - his most well known work, a military theory analysis of the November Uprising

He has also written other works of military nature, and published a diary in the 1860s.

 

Source: wikipedia.org

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        Relation nameRelation typeBirth DateDeath dateDescription
        1Zigmantas SierakauskasZigmantas SierakauskasFamiliar19.05.182727.06.1863
        2Kazimierz BujnickiKazimierz BujnickiIdea mate30.09.178815.08.1878
        3Stanisław KrzemińskiStanisław KrzemińskiIdea mate16.12.183929.11.1912
        4
        Kazimierz MielęckiSoldier00.00.183709.07.1863
        5Leons PlātersLeons PlātersComrade15.02.183609.06.1863
        6Emilia  PlaterEmilia PlaterComrade13.11.180623.12.1831
        7Giuseppe  GaribaldiGiuseppe GaribaldiComrade04.07.180702.06.1882

        26.05.1831 | Battle of Ostrołęka

        The Battle of Ostrołęka of 26 May 1831 was one of the largest engagements of Poland's November Uprising. Throughout the day, Polish forces under Jan Skrzynecki fought for the control over the town of Ostrołęka against the assaulting Russian forces of Hans Karl von Diebitsch. Although by the end of the day the town was still in Polish hands and the two sides suffered comparable losses, the battle is usually considered a Polish defeat because of the Russian army's almost unlimited strategic reinforcement capability. The Polish Army could not similarly replenish its casualties.

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        21.02.1846 | Wybuchło powstanie krakowskie

        Powstanie krakowskie , rewolucja krakowska (od 21 lutego do 4 marca 1846 roku) – próba ogólnonarodowego powstania pod hasłami demokracji, podjęta w Wolnym Mieście Krakowie (do nielicznych nieudanych wystąpień zbrojnych doszło także w trzech zaborach, głównie w Galicji).

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        23.03.1848 | Sākās Pirmais Itālijas Neatkarības karš

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        29.04.1859 | Second Italian War of Independence begins

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        22.01.1863 | The January Uprising

        The January Uprising (Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m. sukilimas, Belarusian: Паўстанне 1863-1864 гадоў) was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (present-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, parts of Ukraine, and western Russia) against the Russian Empire. It began on 22 January 1863 and lasted until the last rebels were captured in 1865.

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        26.01.1863 | Ludwik Mierosławski został dyktatorem powstania styczniowego.

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