Marian Spychalski
- Birth Date:
- 06.12.1906
- Death date:
- 07.06.1980
- Extra names:
- Marian Spychalski, Marek, Orka, Мариан Спыхальский, Марек
- Categories:
- Architect, Communist Party worker, Marshal, War criminal
- Nationality:
- pole
- Cemetery:
- Warszawa, Powązki Military Cemetery
Marian "Marek" Spychalski (6 December 1906 – 7 June 1980) was a Polish architect in the interbellum, military commander, and communist politician. During World War II he belonged to the Soviet-led underground forces operating within Poland and was one of the leaders of the communist resistance movement Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard), then Armia Ludowa (People's Army).
In 1943 as part of the subversive Soviet effort to destroy Polish independence and resistance movement associated with the Polish government-in-exile, he denounced to the Gestapo various members of the Polish resistance organizations.
Career
Born to a working-class family in Łódź, Spychalski graduated from the Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology in 1931. He was a member of the Communist Party of Poland since 1931, then Polish Workers' Party since 1942, and Polish United Workers' Party since 1948.
After the war he held a number of offices in the communist government of Poland, one of his first being that of mayor of Warsaw (18 September 1944 – March 1945), technically still while the war was in progress. Among other posts, he was a long-time member of the Sejm (parliament) and, between 1968 and 1970, the chairman of the Council of State (the de iure head of state in the People's Republic of Poland).
He was imprisoned during the purges in 1949–53 and was only released from prison in 1956 to become Polish Minister of Defense, replacing the Soviet marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky.
Honours and awards
This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Polish Wikipedia.
- Knight's Cross of the Virtuti Militari
- Order of the Builders of People's Poland (1961)
- Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta, also the Commander's Cross
- Cross of Grunwald, 2nd and 3rd Classes
- Order of the Banner of Labour, 1st Class
- Partisan Cross (12 June 1946)
- Medal for Warsaw 1939-1945
- Medal for Odra, Nysa, the Baltic
- Medal of Victory and Freedom 1945
- Gold Medal "in the Service of the Armed Forces of the Homeland"
- Gold Medal "for his contribution to national defense"
- Medal "For the Capture of Berlin"
- Badge "Meritorious activist ORMO"
- Order of Lenin (USSR) (1968)
- Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (USSR)
- Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
- Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose (Finland)
Source: wikipedia.org
No places
| Relation name | Relation type | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Konstantin Rokossovsky | Familiar | |
| 2 |  | Józef Cyrankiewicz | Partymate |
14.09.1954 | "Sniedziņš" - Sevišķi slepens atombumbas izmēģinājums uz dzīvniekiem un cilvēkiem - ap 43000 upuru
PSRS tika veikta slepena operācija - Sniedziņš: atombumbas izmēģinājums poligonā, kur dažādos attālumos no epicentra tika izvietotas karaspēka daļas, mājdzīvnieki. Mērķis - pētīt sprādziena efektu. Ap 43000 bojāgājušie.
11.12.1970 | 1970 Polish protests
The Polish 1970 protests (Polish: Grudzień 1970) occurred in northern Poland in December 1970. The protests were sparked by a sudden increase of prices of food and other everyday items. As a result of the riots, which were put down by the Polish People's Army and the Citizen's Militia, at least 42 people were killed and more than 1,000 wounded.
14.12.1970 | Grudzień 1970: robotnicy Stoczni Gdańskiej odmówili podjęcia pracy i wielotysięczny tłum przed południem udał się pod siedzibę Komitetu Wojewódzkiego PZPR w Gdańsku
Grudzień 1970, wydarzenia grudniowe, rewolta grudniowa, wypadki grudniowe, masakra na Wybrzeżu – protesty robotników w Polsce w dniach 14-22 grudnia 1970 roku (demonstracje, protesty, strajki, wiece, zamieszki) głównie w Gdyni, Gdańsku, Szczecinie i Elblągu, stłumione przez milicję i wojsko.