ua

Dorothea von Medem

Добавить новую картинку!
Дата народження:
03.02.1761
Дата смерті:
20.08.1821
Додаткові імена:
Dorothee von Medem, Anna Doroteja fon Bīrona, Šarlote, Doroteja, Dorothea von Kurland, Gräfin Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem, Mēdema, Medem, Mēdema, Medem
Категорії:
, Граф, Дворянин, Посол
Громадянство:
 латиш, німець
Кладовище:
Встановіть кладовищі

(Anna Charlotte) Dorothea von Medem was born a Gräfin (Countess) of the noble German Baltic Medem family and later became Duchess of Courland (a Baltic region). Popularly known as Dorothea of Courland after her marriage to Peter von Biron, the last Duke of Courland, she hosted an aristocratic salon in Berlin and performed various diplomatic duties on behalf of her estranged husband.

Anna Charlotte Dorothea was born at Mežotne Palace in Mežotne, now Latvia, to Friedrich von Medem, a Reichsgraf from the old Courland nobility and a general-poruchik of the Russian Empire, and his second wife, Louise Charlotte von Manteuffel. Her father, a descendant of Konrad von Mandern was himself awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky in 1774 for his help in preparing the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. He owned many estates, including the Villa Medem in Jelgava. Her elder half sister from her father's previous marriage was the poet Elisa von der Recke.

On 6 November 1779, eighteen-year-old Dorothea became the third wife of the 37-year-old, childless Duke Peter von Biron, son of the famous Ernst Johann von Biron. The couple had six children, two of whom died in infancy. The four surviving children were all daughters; however, the youngest one, Dorothea, was probably illegitimate, although recognized by the Duke.

Dorothea was welcomed into the highest social circles thanks to her new status as duchess as well as her beauty. Because her husband was preoccupied with political difficulties at home involving his overlord the King of Poland and the Courland nobility, he frequently sent her on diplomatic missions to Warsaw, lasting months at a time, and to Berlin, Karlovy Vary, and Saint Petersburg for shorter periods. During these long absences Dorothea became alienated from her husband and had numerous love affairs with other men, including Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, Talleyrand, and the Polish nobleman Alexander Batowski, who fathered her fourth daughter, born in 1793. After the year she gave birth to her illegitimate daughter, also named Dorothea (whom her husband nevertheless acknowledged as his own), the Duchess moved permanently to the Palais Kurland in Berlin, where she held an aristocratic salon.

In 1794 she acquired the Gutsherrschaft Löbichau in Altenburgischen and spent her summers at the newly built Schloss there. Inviting poets, philosophers, relatives and friends to Löbichau, it became known as the Musenhof der Herzogin von Kurland. Her sister Elisa von der Recke, who would later be linked with Christoph August Tiedge, came to Löbichau to live and Tsar Alexander I of Russia, Frederick William III of Prussia, Napoleon I of France, Talleyrand, Metternich, Goethe, Schiller and other personalities of the time were the duchess's personal friends.

In 1801, she received a proposal from Prince Frederick Adolf of Sweden.

Upon her youngest daughter Dorothea's marriage to Talleyrand's nephew, Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, in 1809, the duchess moved to Paris, having an intense relationship with Talleyrand and influenced him to turn against Napoleon.

In 1814 she traveled to the Congress of Vienna to confront him about his alleged love affair with her daughter Dorothea. A few years after her death at Löbichau in 1821, the Duchess' body was moved from her place of death to the family vault at Sagan where her husband was buried in 1800.

Issue

With Peter von Biron:

  • Wilhelmine, Duchess of Sagan, mistress of Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich
  • Pauline, Duchess of Sagan and Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  • Johanna Katharina, Duchess of Acerenza
  • Peter, died aged three (23 February 1787 – 25 March 1790)
  • Charlotte, died aged three as well

With Alexander Batowski:

  • Dorothea, protégé (and alleged mistress) of Talleyrand and wife of his nephew the 2nd Duke of Talleyrand

Джерело: wikipedia.org

назва з до зображень мови
Villa MedemVilla Medemlv

    loading...

        Iм'я зв'язокТип відносинДата народженняДата смертіОпис
        1Johann Friedrich von MedemJohann Friedrich von MedemБатько00.00.172204.08.1785
        2Vilhelmīne SagānaVilhelmīne SagānaДочка08.02.178129.11.1839
        3Johanna d AcerenzaJohanna d AcerenzaДочка24.06.178311.04.1876
        4Doroteja de Taleirāna-PerigoraDoroteja de Taleirāna-PerigoraДочка21.08.179319.09.1862
        5Kārlis Johans Frīdrihs fon  MēdemsKārlis Johans Frīdrihs fon MēdemsБрат23.03.176209.12.1827
        6Kristofs Johans Frīdrihs Žanno fon MēdemsKristofs Johans Frīdrihs Žanno fon MēdemsБрат13.08.176324.02.1838
        7Elisa  von der ReckeElisa von der ReckeСестра20.05.175413.04.1833
        8Pēteris fon BīronsPēteris fon Bīronsчоловік15.02.172413.01.1800
        9Ernests fon BīronsErnests fon BīronsСвикровь/тесть23.11.169028.12.1772
        10Karls Ernests  BīronsKarls Ernests BīronsШурин11.10.172816.10.1801
        11
        George Peter Magnus von der ReckeШурин00.00.173913.11.1795
        12Josephine  Pauline de Talleyrand PerigordJosephine Pauline de Talleyrand PerigordВнучка29.12.182012.10.1890
        13Šarls Taleirāns- PerigorsŠarls Taleirāns- PerigorsПартнер02.02.175417.05.1838
        14Marie de Castellane, princess RadziwillMarie de Castellane, princess RadziwillВнучка19.02.184010.07.1915
        15Johann Wolfgang von GoetheJohann Wolfgang von GoetheДруг28.08.174922.03.1832
        16Фридрих ШиллерФридрих ШиллерДруг10.11.175909.05.1805
        17Napoleon  BonaparteNapoleon BonaparteЗнакомый15.08.176905.05.1821

        29.06.1775 | Jelgavā svinīgi atklāta Academia Petrina

        Розмістити спогади

        26.06.1785 | Jelgavā pacēlās pirmais zināmais "gaisa kuģošanas līdzeklis"- balons mūsdienu Latvijas teritorijā

        Розмістити спогади

        04.11.1794 | Genocide against non-russians in Europe. 23,000 poles killed at Warsaw by Russian invaders

        Massacre of Praga was an event during the Kościuszko Uprising in Poland in 1794. On November 4th the Russian forces under General Alexander Suvorov assaulted Praga, the easternmost borough of Warsaw and after four hours of heavy hand to hand fighting broke through Polish defences. Praga was subsequently looted and burnt by Russian soldiers who also killed approximately 20 000 - 23 000 of its inhabitants including women and infants. Even animals were not spared. The following day Warsaw surrendered.

        Розмістити спогади

        28.03.1795 | Pēdējais Kurzemes hercogs atkāpjas no troņa

        Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste bija autonoma Polijas-Lietuvas vasaļvalsts, kura no 1562. līdz 1795. gadam iekļāva 3 Latvijas novadus- Kurzemi, Zemgali un Sēliju. Latgale, jeb Inflantija kā pierobežas teritorija bija tiešā Polijas "kroņa"pārvaldībā un nebija autonoma. Pēc kārtējās "Polijas dalīšanas" Kurzemes pēdējais hercogs Pēteris fon Bīrons iekšēju (muižniecības spiediens) un ārēju (Krievijas draudi+ samaksa par viņa īpašumiem) 1795. gada 28. martā atteicās no troņa. Teritoriju anektēja Krievijas impērija un tika izveidota Kurzemes guberņa. Mēģinājumi atjaunot hercogisti notika 1812. gadā un 1918. gadā.

        Розмістити спогади

        01.04.1808 | Krievija iekaro Somiju

        Розмістити спогади

        14.07.1812 | Napoleona karaspēks nesekmīgi cenšas ieņemt Dinaburgas cietoksni Daugavpilī

        Розмістити спогади

        14.09.1812 | Napoleona karaspēks ieņem Maskavu

        Розмістити спогади

        12.09.1817 | Krievijas imperatora Aleksandra I klātbūtnē Mītavā (Jelgavā) tika paziņots par dzimtbūšanas atcelšanu

        Dzimtbūšana bija tāda feodāla un pēcfeodāla sociāla iekārta, kurā zemnieki bija piesaistīti apstrādājamai zemei kā savai darba vietai un bija atkarīgi no zemes īpašnieka. Par tiesībām apsaimniekot savu sētu viņiem bija jāmaksā dzimtkungam nodevas un jāiet klaušās. Atkarībā no laikmeta dzimtbūšanas intensitāte bija dažāda, no patronālām aizbildņa-aizbilstamā attiecībām līdz smagākajai formai, kad dzimtcilvēki bija absolūti beztiesiski: tos varēja pirkt, dāvināt, sodīt (pat ar nāvi) pēc to dzimtkunga iegribas.

        Розмістити спогади

        27.09.1817 | Rīgā, Pils laukumā uzstādīta Uzvaras kolonna par godu Krievijas Impērijas uzvarai 1812. gada karā

        Розмістити спогади

        Ключові слова