Ignacy Mościcki
- Birth Date:
- 01.12.1867
- Death date:
- 02.10.1946
- Extra names:
- Ignacy Mościcki, Ignācijs Moscickis, Игнаций Мосцицкий, Игна́тий, Игна́цы, Мости́цкий, Мосьци́цкий; Мосци́цкий, , Ignacy Mościcki,
- Categories:
- Chemist, Member of student's corporation, Politician, President, Professor, Rector, Related to Latvia, Scientist
- Nationality:
- pole
- Cemetery:
- Warszawa, archikatedra św. Jana Chrzciciela
Ignacy Mościcki (1 December 1867 – 2 October 1946) was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland from 1926 to 1939. He was the longest serving President in Poland's history.
Ignacy Mościcki was born on 1 December 1867 in Mierzanowo, a small village near Ciechanów, Poland. After completing school in Warsaw, he studied chemistry at the Riga Polytechnicum. There he joined the Polish underground leftist organization, Proletariat.
On graduating, he returned to Warsaw, but was threatened by the Tsarist secret police with life imprisonment in Siberia and was forced to emigrate in 1892 to London. In 1896 he was offered an assistantship at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. There he patented a method for cheap industrial production of nitric acid.
In 1912 Mościcki moved to Lwów, where he accepted a chair in physical chemistry and technical electrochemistry at the Lwów Polytechnic. In 1925 he was elected rector of the Polytechnic, but soon moved to Warsaw to continue his research at the Warsaw Polytechnic.
After Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 coup d'état, on 1 June 1926, Mościcki – an erstwhile associate of Piłsudski's in the Polish Socialist Party – was elected president of Poland by the National Assembly, on Piłsudski's recommendation (after Piłsudski himself refused the office).
As president, Mościcki was subservient to Piłsudski, never openly showing dissent from any aspect of the Marshal's leadership. After Piłsudski's death in 1935, Piłsudski's followers divided into three main factions: those supporting Mościcki as Piłsudski's successor; those supporting General Edward Rydz-Śmigły; and those supporting Prime Minister Walery Sławek.
With a view to eliminating Sławek from the game, Mościcki concluded a power-sharing agreement with Rydz-Śmigły, which saw Sławek marginalized as a serious political player by the end of the year. As a result of this agreement, Rydz-Śmigły would become the de facto leader of Poland until the outbreak of the war, while Mościcki remained influential by continuing in office as president.
Mościcki was the leading moderate figure in the regime, which was referred to as the "colonels' government" due to the major presence of military officers in the Polish government. Mościcki opposed many of the nationalist excesses of the more right-wing Rydz-Śmigły, but their pact remained more or less intact.
Mościcki remained president until September 1939, when he was interned in Romania and was forced by France to resign his office. He transferred it to Władysław Raczkiewicz, after his first choice was rejected by the French government.
In December 1939 Mościcki was released and allowed to move to Switzerland, where he remained through World War II. He died at his home near Geneva on 2 October 1946.
Source: wikipedia.org
Title | From | To | Images | Languages | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Warsaw, Royal Castle | 00.00.1619 | de, en, lv, pl, ru |
Relation name | Relation type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Michalina Mościcka | Wife | ||
2 | Maria Mościcka | Wife | ||
3 | Karol Pollak | Coworker | ||
4 | Aleksander Lutze-Birk | Coworker | ||
5 | Konstantīns Petss | Familiar | ||
6 | Kazimierz Świtalski | Employee | ||
7 | Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski | Employee | ||
8 | Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski | Idea mate | ||
9 | Józef Piłsudski | Idea mate | ||
10 | Władysław Raczkiewicz | Successor |
12.05.1926 | Maija apvērsums Polijā
Maija apvērsums (Przewrót majowy vai Zamach majowy) bija valsts apvērsums Polijā, kas norisinājās 1926. gadā no 12. līdz 14. maijam.
01.06.1926 | Ignacy Mościcki został wybrany przez Zgromadzenie Narodowe na urząd prezydenta RP
02.07.1927 | W Wilnie kardynał Aleksander Kakowski koronował obraz Matki Boskiej Ostrobramskiej, zwanej też Madonną Wileńską lub Ostrobramską Matką Miłosierdzia
09.02.1929 | Concluded Litvinow's pact
Litvinov's Pact was concluded on February 9, 1929 in Moscow. It is named after the best-known and most successful Soviet diplomat who organized the negotiations, Maxim Litvinov. It provided for renunciation of war among its signatories according to the principles of the Kellogg–Briand Pact. It was ratified by the government of Latvia on March 5, 1929, by Estonia on March 16, 1929, and the governments of Poland and Romania on March 30, 1929. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on June 3, 1929. According to article 3, it became operative on March 16, 1929.
17.09.1939 | Otrais Pasaules karš. Nepilnu mēnesi pēc nacionālsociālistu-komunistu līguma noslēgšanas Vācijas sabiedrotais- PSRS - iebrūk Polijā
Otrais pasaules karš bija lielākais bruņotais konflikts cilvēces vēsturē, un tajā iesaistījās lielākā daļa pasaules valstu visos kontinentos. Karu uzsāka divu sabiedroto- Vācijas un PSRS saskaņots uzbrukums Polijai. Karš notika no 1939. gada 1. septembra līdz 1945. gada 14. septembrim un prasīja 70 miljonus civiliedzīvotāju un militārpersonu dzīvību. Kara rezultātā tika mainītas pasaules valstu robežas un okupētas daudzas teritorijas līdz pat 1991. gadam. Daļa no teritorijām, kā Prūsija, Piedņestra, Abhāzija, Tiva, Kuriļu salas, Karēlija ir Krievijas okupētas joprojām.
30.09.1939 | Ignacy Mościcki przekazał urząd prezydenta RP Władysławowi Raczkiewiczowi
21.09.1964 | Malta ieguva neatkarību no Lielbritānijas
Maltas vēsture ir ļoti sena. Vecākās apmetnes tiek datētas ar vismaz 5200.g.p.m.ē.