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Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich

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Birth Date:
13.04.1866
Death date:
26.02.1933
Person's maiden name:
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
Extra names:
Великий князь Александр Михайлович, Сандро, Sandro
Categories:
Admiral, Aristocrat, Military person, Pilot, Statesman
Nationality:
 russian
Cemetery:
Set cemetery

Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Александр Михайлович Aleksandr Mihailovich; 13 April 1866 – 26 February 1933) was adynast of the Russian Empire, a naval officer, an author, explorer, the brother-in-law of Emperor Nicholas II and advisor to him.

Biography

Alexander was born the son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia, the youngest son of Nicholas I of Russia, and Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna (Cecily of Baden). Through his mother, Grand Duke Alexander was a great-grandson of the reputedly imbalanced king Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, the last Swedish Grand Duke of Finland (at the time of Alexander's life, Finland belonged to Alexander's agnatic house and its ruler was head of its senior branch, making Alexander entitled to eventual succession to the Finnish Throne and also one of the "Princes of Finland"). He was mostly known as "Sandro"

He was born in Tbilisi, Georgia. Grand Duke Alexander was a naval officer. In his youth, he made a good-will visit to developing Japan on behalf of the Russian Empire, as well as to the Brazilian Empire. He married his first cousin's daughter, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, the eldest daughter of Alexander III on the 6 August [O.S. 25 July] 1894 and was thus a brother-in-law of the last Tsar Nicholas II, to whose close advisors he belonged. His impact on the Tsar has been both criticized and appreciated. He and his family, together with his mother-in-law, the Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark), were rescued from theCrimea by British battleship HMS Marlborough in the quagmire of the 1917 Revolution, and thus they survived.

Alexander lived in Paris and wrote his memoirs. Once a Grand Duke (Farrar & Rinehart 1933) is a source of dynastical and court life in Imperial Russia's last half-century. He also spent a time as guest of the future Abyssinian Emperor Ras Tafari. He talks about why he was invited to Ethiopia, in his continuation of his biography "Always a Grand Duke". He died in 26 February 1933 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in the south of France. He was buried on 1 March in Roquebrune. His wife Xenia died inHampton Court Palace in 1960.

Together Alexander and Xenia had seven children:

  • Princess Irina Alexandrovna (1895–1970)
  • Prince Andrei Alexandrovich (1897–1981)
  • Prince Feodor Alexandrovich (1898–1968)
  • Prince Nikita Alexandrovich (1900–1974)
  • Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich (1901–1980)
  • Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich (1902–1978)
  • Prince Vasili Alexandrovich (1907–1989)

Naval career

In 1885, Alexander graduated from the Naval College at the rank of midshipman; he later served in the Navy and participated in the voyages. Since 1891, he was the initiator and founder of the first edition of the Russian annual directory of "Military Fleets", and was its editor until 1906. In 1895, he developed a program of strengthening the Russian Navy in the Pacific. Starting 1896, he taught the Naval Game at the Naval Science Classes in the Naval Academy.

Between 1901 and 1902, he acted as the commander of the Black Sea battleship Rostislav, and in 1903 he was appointed a junior flag officer of the Black Sea Fleet. In parallel, between 1901 and 1905 he acted as a chief superintendent and the chairman of several councils related to merchant shipping and ports. At these positions, he contributed to the development of commercial shipping, construction and equipment of new ports, training merchant mariners, creation of long-distance shipping lines and improvement of maritime trade legislation. During the Russian-Japanese war of 1904–1905, he oversaw the auxiliary cruisers of the Volunteer Fleet. Alexander took part in the development of programs aimed at rebuilding the fleet, brought them to the attention of governments and the public, and was an avid supporter of the construction of new battleships. In 1909, he was promoted to the rank of vice admiral.

While in exile after 1917, he became fascinated with archaeology and conducted a number of successful expeditions.

Source: wikipedia.org

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        Relation nameRelation typeBirth DateDeath dateDescription
        1Михаил НиколаевичМихаил НиколаевичFather25.10.183218.12.1909
        2Olga  FeodorovnaOlga FeodorovnaMother20.09.183912.04.1891
        3Князь Никита АлександровичКнязь Никита АлександровичSon16.01.190012.09.1974
        4Князь Дмитрий АлександровичКнязь Дмитрий АлександровичSon15.08.190107.07.1980
        5Ростислав АлександровичРостислав АлександровичSon24.11.190231.07.1978
        6Prince Vasili AlexandrovichPrince Vasili AlexandrovichSon07.07.190724.06.1989
        7Князь Андрей АлександровичКнязь Андрей АлександровичSon24.01.189708.05.1981
        8Irina Alexandrovna of RussiaIrina Alexandrovna of RussiaDaughter03.07.189526.02.1970
        9Алексей МихайловичАлексей МихайловичBrother28.12.187502.03.1895
        10Nicholas  MikhailovichNicholas MikhailovichBrother14.04.185930.01.1919
        11Великий князь Сергей МихайловичВеликий князь Сергей МихайловичBrother07.10.186918.07.1918
        12Великий Князь Георгий МихайловичВеликий Князь Георгий МихайловичBrother23.08.186330.01.1919
        13Михаил Михайлович, Великий князьМихаил Михайлович, Великий князьBrother16.10.186126.04.1929
        14Анастасия МихайловнаАнастасия МихайловнаSister28.07.186011.03.1922
        15Великая княгиня Ксения АлександровнаВеликая княгиня Ксения АлександровнаWife06.04.187520.04.1960
        16William IIIWilliam IIIUncle19.02.181723.11.1890
        17Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Teck, DukeFrancis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Teck, DukeUncle28.08.183721.01.1900
        18Duke Peter  Georgievich of OldenburgDuke Peter Georgievich of OldenburgUncle26.08.181214.05.1881
        19Marie Luise Augusta KatharineMarie Luise Augusta KatharineAunt30.09.181107.01.1890
        20Sophia of NassauSophia of NassauAunt09.07.183630.12.1913
        21Екатерина МихайловнаЕкатерина МихайловнаAunt16.08.182730.04.1894
        22Великий князь Пётр НиколаевичВеликий князь Пётр НиколаевичNephew10.01.186417.06.1931
        23Grand Duke Nicholas  Nikolaevich of RussiaGrand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of RussiaNephew18.11.185605.01.1929
        24Nikolajs II RomanovsNikolajs II RomanovsNephew, Brother in-law, Friend19.05.186817.07.1918
        25Кирилл ВладимировичКирилл ВладимировичNephew12.10.187612.10.1938
        26Петр  ОльденбургскийПетр ОльденбургскийNephew21.11.186811.03.1924
        27Cecilie  Mecklenburg Schwerin, DuchessCecilie Mecklenburg Schwerin, DuchessNiece20.09.188606.05.1954
        28Princess Nina GeorgievnaPrincess Nina GeorgievnaNiece20.06.190127.02.1974
        29Alexandrine  of Mecklenburg-SchwerinAlexandrine of Mecklenburg-SchwerinNiece24.12.187912.12.1952
        30Princess Xenia  Georgievna of RussiaPrincess Xenia Georgievna of RussiaNiece22.08.190317.09.1965
        31Anastasia de TorbyAnastasia de TorbyNiece09.09.189207.12.1977
        32Nadejda MountbattenNadejda MountbattenNiece28.03.189622.01.1963
        33Alexander IIIAlexander IIIFather in-law, Cousin10.03.184501.11.1894
        34Мария ФёдоровнаМария ФёдоровнаMother in-law26.11.184713.10.1928
        35Felix  YusupovFelix YusupovSon in-law23.03.188727.09.1967
        36Мария Илларионовна Воронцова-ДашковаМария Илларионовна Воронцова-ДашковаDaughter in-law13.01.190315.06.1997
        37Елизавета  СассоЕлизавета СассоDaughter in-law29.10.1940
        38
        Princess Natalia GolitsynaDaughter in-law26.10.190728.03.1989
        39Марина  Голенищева-КутузоваМарина Голенищева-КутузоваDaughter in-law20.11.191200.00.1969
        40Princess Maria of Greece and DenmarkPrincess Maria of Greece and DenmarkSister in-law03.03.187614.12.1940
        41Ольга  РомановаОльга РомановаSister in-law13.06.188224.11.1960
        42Sophie of MerenbergSophie of MerenbergBrother in-law01.06.186814.09.1927
        43Mikhail Aleksandrovich RomanovMikhail Aleksandrovich RomanovBrother in-law04.12.187813.06.1918
        44Leopold BadenLeopold BadenGrandfather29.08.179024.04.1852
        45Nicholas I of RussiaNicholas I of RussiaGrandfather06.07.179618.02.1855
        46Георгий Петрович ОльденбургскийГеоргий Петрович ОльденбургскийGrandfather00.00.178400.00.1812
        47Charles FrederickCharles FrederickGrandfather02.02.178308.07.1853
        48Михаил ПавловичМихаил ПавловичGrandfather08.02.179828.08.1849
        49Maria  PavlovnaMaria PavlovnaGrandmother04.02.178611.06.1859
        50Елена ПавловнаЕлена ПавловнаGrandmother28.12.180621.01.1873
        51Александра ФёдоровнаАлександра ФёдоровнаGrandmother13.07.179801.11.1860
        52Екатерина ПавловнаЕкатерина ПавловнаGrandmother10.05.178809.01.1819
        53Edward  VIIIEdward VIIIGrandson23.06.189428.05.1972
        54Prince Nikita  Nikitich RomanovPrince Nikita Nikitich RomanovGrandson13.05.192303.05.2007
        55Prince Michael  Andreevich RomanoffPrince Michael Andreevich RomanoffGrandson15.07.192022.09.2008
        56George VIGeorge VIGrandson14.12.189506.02.1952
        57Prince Alexander  RomanovPrince Alexander RomanovGrandson04.11.192921.09.2002
        58Irina YusupovaIrina YusupovaGranddaughter21.03.191530.08.1983
        59Княгиня Ксения  РомановаКнягиня Ксения РомановаGranddaughter10.03.191922.10.2000
        60Louis Württemberg, DukeLouis Württemberg, DukeGreat grandfather30.08.175620.09.1817
        61Paul IPaul IGreat grandfather01.10.175423.03.1801
        62Karl Friedrich  BadenKarl Friedrich BadenGreat grandfather22.11.172810.06.1811
        63Maria FeodorovnaMaria FeodorovnaGreat grandmother14.10.175924.10.1828
        64Henriette  Nassau-Weilburg, PrincessHenriette Nassau-Weilburg, PrincessGreat grandmother22.04.178002.01.1857
        65Frederick IX of DenmarkFrederick IX of DenmarkGreat grandson11.03.189914.01.1972
        66
        Фёдор (Теодор) РомановGreat grandson30.11.197427.08.2007
        67Elizabeth IIElizabeth IIGreat granddaughter21.04.192608.09.2022
        68Princess Margaret, Countess of SnowdonPrincess Margaret, Countess of SnowdonGreat granddaughter21.08.193009.02.2002
        69Сергей  РомановСергей РомановCousin11.05.185717.02.1905
        70Mary of TeckMary of TeckCousin26.05.186724.03.1953
        71Oleg  KonstantinovichOleg KonstantinovichCousin15.11.189229.09.1914
        72Дмитрий Константинович РомановДмитрий Константинович РомановCousin01.06.186030.01.1919
        73Принц Александр  ОльденбургскийПринц Александр ОльденбургскийCousin02.06.184406.09.1932
        74Duchess Alexandra  Petrovna of OldenburgDuchess Alexandra Petrovna of OldenburgCousin02.06.183825.04.1900
        75Princess LouisePrincess LouiseCousin03.12.183823.04.1923
        76Konstantin NikolayevichKonstantin NikolayevichCousin21.09.182725.01.1892
        77Николай СтаршийНиколай СтаршийCousin27.07.183113.04.1891
        78Николай КонстантиновичНиколай КонстантиновичCousin14.02.185027.01.1918
        79Константин КонстантиновичКонстантин КонстантиновичCousin10.08.185802.06.1915
        80Igor  ConstantinovichIgor ConstantinovichCousin29.05.189418.07.1918
        81Вера КонстантиновнаВера КонстантиновнаCousin24.04.190611.01.2001
        82Paul  AlexandrovichPaul AlexandrovichCousin03.10.186030.01.1919
        83Grand Duchess Maria  Nikolaevna of RussiaGrand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of RussiaCousin18.08.181921.02.1876
        84Владимир АлександровичВладимир АлександровичCousin10.04.184704.02.1909
        85Duke Constantine  Petrovich of OldenburgDuke Constantine Petrovich of OldenburgCousin09.05.185018.03.1906
        86Карл Шведский, герцог ВестергётландскийКарл Шведский, герцог ВестергётландскийCousin27.02.186124.10.1951
        87Принц Николай ПетровичПринц Николай ПетровичCousin09.05.184020.01.1886
        88Prince Ioann  Konstantinovich of RussiaPrince Ioann Konstantinovich of RussiaCousin05.07.188618.07.1918
        89Maria AlexandrovnaMaria AlexandrovnaCousin17.10.185324.10.1920
        90Alexander CambridgeAlexander CambridgeCousin14.04.187416.01.1957
        91Alexander IIAlexander IICousin29.04.181813.03.1881
        92Сергей АлександровичСергей АлександровичCousin11.05.185717.02.1905
        93Olga  NikolaevnaOlga NikolaevnaCousin11.09.182230.10.1892
        94Olga  Constantinovna of RussiaOlga Constantinovna of RussiaCousin03.09.185118.06.1926
        95Тереза ОльденбургскаяТереза ОльденбургскаяCousin30.03.185219.04.1883
        96Георгий Мекленбург-СтрелицкийГеоргий Мекленбург-СтрелицкийCousin25.05.185905.12.1909
        97Georgy  KonstantinovichGeorgy KonstantinovichCousin23.04.190307.11.1938
        98Филипп  ЗадорожныйФилипп ЗадорожныйFamiliar, Opponent
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