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George VI

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Birth Date:
14.12.1895
Death date:
06.02.1952
Person's maiden name:
Albert Frederick Arthur George
Extra names:
Džordžs VI, Albert Frederick Arthur George of Windsor;, Jerzy VI Windsor
Categories:
King
Nationality:
 english
Cemetery:
Berkshire, Berkshire Cemetery

George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.

Known publicly as Albert until his accession, and "Bertie" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria, and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward. He attended naval college as a teenager, and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War.

In 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923 and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. In the mid-1920s, he had speech therapy for a stammer, which he never fully overcame.

George's elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936. However, later that year Edward revealed his desire to marry divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religious reasons he could not marry a divorced woman and remain king. Edward abdicated to marry Simpson, and George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor.

During George's reign, the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. The following year, a new Irish constitution changed the name of the state to Ireland and established the office of President. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth – except Ireland – was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained king of both countries, but relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, and India became a republic within the Commonwealth the following year. George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. He was succeeded by his elder daughter, Elizabeth II.

Early life

George was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. His father was Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V), the second and eldest-surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). His mother was the Duchess of York (later Queen Mary), the eldest child and only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck.

His birthday (14 December 1895) was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Albert, Prince Consort. Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been "rather distressed". Two days later, he wrote again: "I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her". Queen Victoria was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: "I am all impatience to see the new one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good". Consequently, he was baptised "Albert Frederick Arthur George" at St. Mary Magdalene's Church near Sandringham three months later. Within the family, he was known informally as "Bertie". His maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Teck, did not like the first name the baby had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name "may supplant the less favoured one". Albert was fourth in line to the throne at birth, after his grandfather, father and elder brother, Edward.

He often suffered from ill health and was described as "easily frightened and somewhat prone to tears". His parents were generally removed from their children's day-to-day upbringing, as was the norm in aristocratic families of that era. He had a stammer that lasted for many years. Although naturally left-handed, he was forced to write with his right hand, as was common practice at the time. He suffered from chronic stomach problems as well as knock knees, for which he was forced to wear painful corrective splints.

Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, and the Prince of Wales succeeded her as King Edward VII. Prince Albert moved up to third in line to the throne, after his father and elder brother.

Military career and education

From 1909, Albert attended the Royal Naval College, Osborne, as a naval cadet. In 1911 he came bottom of the class in the final examination, but despite this he progressed to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. When his grandfather, Edward VII, died in 1910, Albert's father became King George V. Edward became Prince of Wales, with Albert second in line to the throne.

Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada.[13] He was rated as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood on 15 September 1913, and spent three months in the Mediterranean. His fellow officers gave him the nickname "Mr. Johnson". The First World War broke out a year after his commission. He was mentioned in despatches for his action as a turret officer aboard Collingwood in the Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916), an indecisive engagement with the German navy that was the largest naval action of the war. He did not see further combat, largely because of ill health caused by a duodenal ulcer, for which he had an operation in November 1917.

In February 1918 he was appointed Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service's training establishment at Cranwell. With the establishment of the Royal Air Force two months later and the reassignment of Cranwell from Admiralty to Air Ministry responsibility, Albert transferred from the Royal Navy to the Royal Air Force. He served as Officer Commanding Number 4 Squadron of the Boys' Wing at Cranwell until August 1918, before reporting to the RAF's Cadet School at St Leonards-on-Sea. He completed a fortnight's training and took command of a squadron on the Cadet Wing. He was the first member of the British royal family to be certified as a fully qualified pilot.

Albert wanted to serve on the Continent while the war was still in progress and welcomed a posting to General Trenchard's staff in France. On 23 October he flew across the Channel to Autigny. For the closing weeks of the war, he served on the staff of the RAF's Independent Air Force at its headquarters in Nancy, France. Following the disbanding of the Independent Air Force in November 1918 he remained on the Continent for two months as an RAF staff officer until posted back to Britain. He accompanied the Belgian monarch King Albert I on his triumphal reentry into Brussels on 22 November. Prince Albert qualified as an RAF pilot on 31 July 1919 and was promoted to squadron leader the following day.

In October 1919 Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year, with the historian R. V. Laurence as his "official mentor". On 4 June 1920 his father created him Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds.

Marriage

In a time when royalty were expected to marry fellow royalty, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Sheila, Lady Loughborough, came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, persuaded Albert to stop seeing her. That year, he met for the first time since childhood Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He became determined to marry her. She rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family. In the words of Lady Elizabeth's mother, Albert would be "made or marred" by his choice of wife. After a protracted courtship, Elizabeth agreed to marry him.

They were married on 26 April 1923 in Westminster Abbey. Albert's marriage to someone not of royal birth was considered a modernising gesture. The newly formed British Broadcasting Company wished to record and broadcast the event on radio, but the Abbey Chapter vetoed the idea (although the Dean, Herbert Edward Ryle, was in favour).

From December 1924 to April 1925, the Duke and Duchess toured Kenya, Uganda, and the Sudan, travelling via the Suez Canal and Aden. During the trip, they both went big game hunting.

Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently. Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation. With his delivery improved, the Duke opened the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, during a tour of the empire in 1927. His journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, Bertrand Clark, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races.

The Duke and Duchess of York had two children: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family) who was born in 1926, and Margaret who was born in 1930. The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly. They were a close and loving family. One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minister, R. B. Bennett, considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada in 1931—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, J. H. Thomas.

Reluctant king

King George V had severe reservations about Prince Edward, saying "After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself in twelve months" and "I pray God that my eldest son will never marry and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne." On 20 January 1936, George V died and Edward ascended the throne as King Edward VIII. In the Vigil of the Princes, Prince Albert and his three brothers took a shift standing guard over their father's body as it lay in state, in a closed casket, in Westminster Hall.

As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the heir presumptive to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward abdicated in order to marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands. Edward chose abdication in preference to abandoning his marriage plans. Thus Albert became king, a position he was reluctant to accept. The day before the abdication, he went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary. He wrote in his diary, "When I told her what had happened, I broke down and sobbed like a child."

On the day of the abdication, the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Irish Free State, removed all direct mention of the monarch from the Irish constitution. The next day, it passed the External Relations Act, which gave the monarch limited authority (strictly on the advice of the government) to appoint diplomatic representatives for Ireland and to be involved in the making of foreign treaties. The two acts made the Irish Free State a republic in essence without removing its links to the Commonwealth.

Courtier and journalist Dermot Morrah alleged that there was brief speculation as to the desirability of bypassing Albert (and his children) and his brother, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, in favour of their younger brother Prince George, Duke of Kent. This seems to have been suggested on the grounds that Prince George was at that time the only brother with a son.

Early reign

Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession, Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title "Duke of Windsor" with the style "Royal Highness", but the letters patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter.

George VI's coronation at Westminster Abbey took place on 12 May 1937, the date previously intended for Edward's coronation. In a break with tradition, Queen Mary attended the ceremony in a show of support for her son. There was no Durbar held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to the government of India. Rising Indian nationalism made the welcome that the royal party would have received likely to be muted at best, and a prolonged absence from Britain would have been undesirable in the tense period before the Second World War. Two overseas tours were undertaken, to France and to North America, both of which promised greater strategic advantages in the event of war.

The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI. The King was constitutionally bound to support Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler.[10][60] However, when the King and Queen greeted Chamberlain on his return from negotiating the Munich Agreement in 1938, they invited him to appear on the balcony of Buckingham Palace with them. This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family. While broadly popular among the general public, Chamberlain's policy towards Hitler was the subject of some opposition in the House of Commons, which led historian John Grigg to describe the King's behaviour in associating himself so prominently with a politician as "the most unconstitutional act by a British sovereign in the present century".

In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, they were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth".

The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public. The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor, Edward VIII, was dispelled. They visited the 1939 New York World's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park, New York.[68] A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour, which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years.

Second World War

In September 1939, Britain and the self-governing Dominions other than Ireland, declared war on Nazi Germany. George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids. They officially stayed in Buckingham Palace throughout the war, although they usually spent nights at Windsor Castle. The first night of the Blitz on London, on 7 September 1940, killed about one thousand civilians, mostly in the East End. On 13 September, the King and Queen narrowly avoided death when two German bombs exploded in a courtyard at Buckingham Palace while they were there. In defiance, the Queen famously declared: "I am glad we have been bombed. It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face." The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country. They were subject to rationing restrictions, and U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt remarked on the rationed food served and the limited bathwater that was permitted during a stay at the unheated and boarded-up Palace. In August 1942, the King's brother, Prince George, Duke of Kent, was killed on active service.

In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister". Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness.

Throughout the war, the King and Queen provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops. The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944. Their high public profile and apparently indefatigable determination secured their place as symbols of national resistance. At a social function in 1944, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, revealed that every time he met Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, he thought Montgomery was after his job. The King replied: "You should worry, when I meet him, I always think he's after mine!"

In 1945, crowds shouted "We want the King!" in front of Buckingham Palace during the Victory in Europe Day celebrations. In an echo of Chamberlain's appearance, the King invited Churchill to appear with the royal family on the balcony to public acclaim.

In January 1946, George addressed the United Nations at their first assembly, which was held in London, and reaffirmed "our faith in the equal rights of men and women and of nations great and small".

Empire to Commonwealth

George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the British Empire. The Statute of Westminster 1931 had already acknowledged the evolution of the Dominions into separate sovereign states. The process of transformation from an empire to a voluntary association of independent states, known as the Commonwealth, gathered pace after the Second World War. During the ministry of Clement Attlee, British India became the two independent Dominions of India and Pakistan in 1947. George relinquished the title of Emperor of India, and became King of India and King of Pakistan instead. In 1950 he ceased to be King of India when it became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations and recognised his new title of Head of the Commonwealth; he remained King of Pakistan until his death. Other countries left the Commonwealth, such as Burma in January 1948, Palestine (divided between Israel and the Arab states) in May 1948 and the Republic of Ireland in 1949.

In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa. The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites, and referred to his South African bodyguards as "the Gestapo". Despite the tour, Smuts lost the election the following year, and the new government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation.

Illness and death

The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King's health, made worse by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments, including arteriosclerosis and Buerger's disease. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the King suffered an arterial blockage in his right leg, which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right lumbar sympathectomy in March 1949.

His elder daughter Elizabeth, the heir presumptive, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, taking the place of the King and Queen. The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951, but on 23 September 1951, his left lung was removed by Clement Price Thomas after a malignant tumour was found. In October 1951, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King's illness. At the State Opening of Parliament in November, the King's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Simonds. His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together.

On 31 January 1952, despite advice from those close to him, the King went to London Airport to see off Princess Elizabeth, who was going on her tour of Australia via Kenya. On the morning of 6 February at 07:30 GMT, George VI was found dead in bed at Sandringham House in Norfolk. He had died from a coronary thrombosis in his sleep at the age of 56. His daughter flew back to Britain from Kenya as Queen Elizabeth II.

From 9 February for two days his coffin rested in St. Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, before lying in state at Westminster Hall from 11 February. His funeral took place at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on the 15th. He was interred initially in the Royal Vault until he was transferred to the King George VI Memorial Chapel inside St. George's on 26 March 1969. In 2002, fifty years after his death, the remains of his widow, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and the ashes of his younger daughter Princess Margaret, who both died that year, were interred in the chapel alongside him.

Legacy

In the words of Labour Member of Parliament George Hardie, the abdication crisis of 1936 did "more for republicanism than fifty years of propaganda". George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed "a rocking throne" and tried "to make it steady again". He became king at a point when public faith in the monarchy was at a low ebb. During his reign his people endured the hardships of war, and imperial power was eroded. However, as a dutiful family man and by showing personal courage, he succeeded in restoring the popularity of the monarchy.

The George Cross and the George Medal were founded at the King's suggestion during the Second World War to recognise acts of exceptional civilian bravery. He bestowed the George Cross on the entire "island fortress of Malta" in 1943. He was posthumously awarded the Ordre de la Libération by the French government in 1960, one of only two people (the other being Churchill) to be awarded the medal after 1946.

A number of geographical features, roads, and institutions are named after George VI. These include King George Hospital in London; King George VI Reservoir in Surrey, United Kingdom; King George VI Highway and King George Boulevard in Surrey, British Columbia; Kingsway in Edmonton; George VI Sound in Antarctica; and the King George VI Chase, a horse race in the United Kingdom.

Colin Firth won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as George VI in The King's Speech, a 2010 film that won the Academy Award for Best Picture.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

  • 14 December 1895 – 28 May 1898: His Highness Prince Albert of York
  • 28 May 1898 – 22 January 1901: His Royal Highness Prince Albert of York
  • 22 January 1901 – 9 November 1901: His Royal Highness Prince Albert of Cornwall and York
  • 9 November 1901 – 6 May 1910: His Royal Highness Prince Albert of Wales
  • 6 May 1910 – 4 June 1920: His Royal Highness The Prince Albert
  • 4 June 1920 – 11 December 1936: His Royal Highness The Duke of York
  • 11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952: His Majesty The King
    • In British India, 11 December 1936 – 14 August 1947: His Imperial Majesty The King, Emperor of India

George held a number of titles throughout his life, as successively great-grandson, grandson and son of the monarch. As sovereign, he was referred to most often as simply The King or His Majesty. In his position as sovereign, George automatically held the position of Commander-in-Chief.

Arms

As Duke of York, George bore the royal arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing an anchor azure—a difference earlier awarded to his father, George V, when he was Duke of York, and then later awarded to his grandson Prince Andrew, Duke of York. As king, he bore the royal arms undifferenced.

 

Source: wikipedia.org

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        Relation nameRelation typeBirth DateDeath dateDescription
        1George  VGeorge VFather03.06.186520.01.1936
        2Jacob KettlerJacob KettlerProgenitor28.10.161010.01.1682
        3Mary of TeckMary of TeckMother26.05.186724.03.1953
        4Elizabeth IIElizabeth IIDaughter21.04.192608.09.2022
        5Princess Margaret, Countess of SnowdonPrincess Margaret, Countess of SnowdonDaughter21.08.193009.02.2002
        6Prince George Duke of KentPrince George Duke of KentBrother20.12.190225.08.1942
        7Edward  VIIIEdward VIIIBrother23.06.189428.05.1972
        8Alexander CambridgeAlexander CambridgeUncle14.04.187416.01.1957
        9Andrei  VladimirovichAndrei VladimirovichUncle02.05.187930.10.1956
        10Sophia of  PrussiaSophia of PrussiaUncle14.06.187013.01.1932
        11Georg von MerenbergGeorg von MerenbergUncle16.10.189711.01.1965
        12Vladimir  PaleyVladimir PaleyUncle09.01.189718.07.1918
        13Mikhail Aleksandrovich RomanovMikhail Aleksandrovich RomanovUncle04.12.187813.06.1918
        14Nikolajs II RomanovsNikolajs II RomanovsUncle19.05.186817.07.1918
        15Wilhelm  IIWilhelm IIUncle27.01.185904.06.1941
        16Vladimir  RomanovVladimir RomanovUncle30.08.191721.04.1992
        17Prince AlfredPrince AlfredUncle15.10.187406.02.1899
        18Prince Albert VictorPrince Albert VictorUncle08.01.186414.01.1892
        19Prince PhilipPrince PhilipUncle10.06.192109.04.2021
        20Marie of RomaniaMarie of RomaniaAunt29.10.187518.07.1938
        21Великая княгиня Ксения АлександровнаВеликая княгиня Ксения АлександровнаAunt06.04.187520.04.1960
        22Ольга  РомановаОльга РомановаAunt13.06.188224.11.1960
        23Anastasia RomanovaAnastasia RomanovaAunt18.06.190117.07.1918
        24Natālija AndrosovaNatālija AndrosovaAunt23.02.191725.07.1999
        25Sophia of PrussiaSophia of PrussiaAunt14.06.187013.01.1932
        26Irina Alexandrovna of RussiaIrina Alexandrovna of RussiaAunt03.07.189526.02.1970
        27Natalia PaleyNatalia PaleyAunt05.12.190527.12.1981
        28Alice von BattenbergAlice von BattenbergAunt25.02.188505.12.1969
        29Maud of WalesMaud of WalesAunt26.11.186920.11.1938
        30Кира  РомановаКира РомановаAunt09.05.190908.09.1967
        31Princess Elizabeth of  Greece and DenmarkPrincess Elizabeth of Greece and DenmarkAunt24.05.190411.01.1955
        32Анастасия МихайловнаАнастасия МихайловнаAunt28.07.186011.03.1922
        33Princess Marina  of Greece and DenmarkPrincess Marina of Greece and DenmarkAunt13.12.190627.08.1968
        34Grand Duchess Maria PavlovnaGrand Duchess Maria PavlovnaAunt18.04.189013.12.1958
        35Princess Victoria of the  United KingdomPrincess Victoria of the United KingdomAunt06.07.186803.12.1935
        36Princess AlicePrincess AliceAunt25.02.188303.01.1981
        37Prince Nikita  Nikitich RomanovPrince Nikita Nikitich RomanovNephew13.05.192303.05.2007
        38Prince Alexander  RomanovPrince Alexander RomanovNephew04.11.192921.09.2002
        39Frederick IX of DenmarkFrederick IX of DenmarkNephew11.03.189914.01.1972
        40Prince AmedeoPrince AmedeoNephew27.09.194301.06.2021
        41Prince Michael  Andreevich RomanoffPrince Michael Andreevich RomanoffNephew15.07.192022.09.2008
        42Княгиня Ксения  РомановаКнягиня Ксения РомановаNiece10.03.191922.10.2000
        43Antony Armstrong-JonesAntony Armstrong-JonesSon in-law07.03.193013.01.2017
        44Wallis SimpsonWallis SimpsonSister in-law19.06.189624.04.1986
        45Frederick IIIFrederick IIIGrandfather18.10.183115.06.1888
        46Alexander IIIAlexander IIIGrandfather10.03.184501.11.1894
        47Georg Nikolaus von MerenbergGeorg Nikolaus von MerenbergGrandfather25.02.187131.05.1948
        48Prince Nicholas of  Greece and DenmarkPrince Nicholas of Greece and DenmarkGrandfather22.01.187208.02.1938
        49Graf Georg Nikolaus von MerenbergGraf Georg Nikolaus von MerenbergGrandfather25.02.187131.05.1948
        50Prince LeopoldPrince LeopoldGrandfather07.04.185328.03.1884
        51Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Teck, DukeFrancis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Teck, DukeGrandfather28.08.183721.01.1900
        52Alfrēds Edinburgas, Olsteras un Kentas, Saksen- Koburgas  un Gotas HercogsAlfrēds Edinburgas, Olsteras un Kentas, Saksen- Koburgas un Gotas HercogsGrandfather06.09.184431.07.1900
        53Edvards VIIEdvards VIIGrandfather09.11.184106.05.1910
        54Кирилл ВладимировичКирилл ВладимировичGrandfather12.10.187612.10.1938
        55Grand Duke Alexander MikhailovichGrand Duke Alexander MikhailovichGrandfather13.04.186626.02.1933
        56Александр ИскандерАлександр ИскандерGrandfather15.11.188726.01.1957
        57Prince Andrew of  Greece and DenmarkPrince Andrew of Greece and DenmarkGrandfather02.02.188203.12.1944
        58Princess Mary Adelaide of CambridgePrincess Mary Adelaide of CambridgeGrandmother27.11.183327.10.1897
        59Olga  YurevskayaOlga YurevskayaGrandmother07.11.187310.08.1925
        60Olga  PaleyOlga PaleyGrandmother02.12.186502.11.1929
        61Princess Helena of Waldeck and PyrmontPrincess Helena of Waldeck and PyrmontGrandmother17.02.186101.09.1922
        62
        Ольга РоговскаяGrandmother00.00.189300.00.1962
        63Мария ФёдоровнаМария ФёдоровнаGrandmother26.11.184713.10.1928
        64Victoria  MelitaVictoria MelitaGrandmother25.11.187602.03.1936
        65Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise JuliaAlexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise JuliaGrandmother01.12.184420.11.1925
        66Victoria Princess RoyalVictoria Princess RoyalGrandmother21.11.184005.08.1901
        67Maria AlexandrovnaMaria AlexandrovnaGrandmother17.10.185324.10.1920
        68Empress Alexandra  FeodorovnaEmpress Alexandra FeodorovnaGrandmother06.06.187217.07.1918
        69Grand Duchess Elena VladimirovnaGrand Duchess Elena VladimirovnaGrandmother17.03.188213.03.1957
        70Prince Ioann  Konstantinovich of RussiaPrince Ioann Konstantinovich of RussiaGreat grandfather05.07.188618.07.1918
        71Николай СтаршийНиколай СтаршийGreat grandfather27.07.183113.04.1891
        72Duke Peter  Georgievich of OldenburgDuke Peter Georgievich of OldenburgGreat grandfather26.08.181214.05.1881
        73Константин КонстантиновичКонстантин КонстантиновичGreat grandfather10.08.185802.06.1915
        74Alexander IIAlexander IIGreat grandfather29.04.181813.03.1881
        75Михаил НиколаевичМихаил НиколаевичGreat grandfather25.10.183218.12.1909
        76Maximilian de  BeauharnaisMaximilian de BeauharnaisGreat grandfather02.10.181701.11.1852
        77Paul  AlexandrovichPaul AlexandrovichGreat grandfather03.10.186030.01.1919
        78George IGeorge IGreat grandfather24.12.184518.03.1913
        79Владимир АлександровичВладимир АлександровичGreat grandfather10.04.184704.02.1909
        80Prince AlexanderPrince AlexanderGreat grandfather15.07.182315.12.1888
        81Карл ГессенскийКарл ГессенскийGreat grandfather23.04.180920.03.1877
        82Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and GothaGreat grandfather26.08.181914.12.1861
        83Prince Nikolaus  Wilhelm of NassauPrince Nikolaus Wilhelm of NassauGreat grandfather20.09.183217.09.1905
        84Christian IX DenmarkChristian IX DenmarkGreat grandfather08.04.181829.01.1906
        85Constantine I of GreeceConstantine I of GreeceGreat grandfather02.08.186811.01.1923
        86Alexander  Württemberg, DukeAlexander Württemberg, DukeGreat grandfather09.09.180404.07.1885
        87Nicholas I of RussiaNicholas I of RussiaGreat grandfather06.07.179618.02.1855
        88Георгий Петрович ОльденбургскийГеоргий Петрович ОльденбургскийGreat grandfather00.00.178400.00.1812
        89Виллем IIВиллем IIGreat grandfather06.12.179217.03.1849
        90Leopold BadenLeopold BadenGreat grandfather29.08.179024.04.1852
        91Михаил ПавловичМихаил ПавловичGreat grandfather08.02.179828.08.1849
        92Prince  AdolphusPrince AdolphusGreat grandfather24.02.177408.07.1850
        93Людвиг Александр БаттенбергЛюдвиг Александр БаттенбергGreat grandfather24.05.185411.09.1921
        94Charles FrederickCharles FrederickGreat grandfather02.02.178308.07.1853
        95Louis IVLouis IVGreat grandfather12.09.183713.03.1892
        96Николай КонстантиновичНиколай КонстантиновичGreat grandfather14.02.185027.01.1918
        97Maria  PavlovnaMaria PavlovnaGreat grandmother14.05.185406.09.1920
        98Louise of  Hesse-KasselLouise of Hesse-KasselGreat grandmother07.09.181729.09.1898
        99Princess Theresa  of Nassau-WeilburgPrincess Theresa of Nassau-WeilburgGreat grandmother17.04.181508.12.1871
        100Princess Alice Of the United KingdomPrincess Alice Of the United KingdomGreat grandmother25.04.184314.12.1878
        101Princess AugustaPrincess AugustaGreat grandmother25.07.179706.04.1889
        102Duchess Alexandra  Petrovna of OldenburgDuchess Alexandra Petrovna of OldenburgGreat grandmother02.06.183825.04.1900
        103Queen VictoriaQueen VictoriaGreat grandmother24.05.181922.01.1901
        104Olga  FeodorovnaOlga FeodorovnaGreat grandmother20.09.183912.04.1891
        105Elisabeth  of Saxe-AltenburgElisabeth of Saxe-AltenburgGreat grandmother25.01.186524.03.1927
        106Anna PavlovnaAnna PavlovnaGreat grandmother18.01.179501.03.1865
        107Julia HaukeJulia HaukeGreat grandmother24.11.182519.09.1895
        108Grand Duchess Maria  Nikolaevna of RussiaGrand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of RussiaGreat grandmother18.08.181921.02.1876
        109Maria  AlexandrovnaMaria AlexandrovnaGreat grandmother08.08.182403.06.1880
        110Елизавета ПрусскаяЕлизавета ПрусскаяGreat grandmother18.06.181521.03.1885
        111Елена ПавловнаЕлена ПавловнаGreat grandmother28.12.180621.01.1873
        112Екатерина ПавловнаЕкатерина ПавловнаGreat grandmother10.05.178809.01.1819
        113Alexandra  GeorgievnaAlexandra GeorgievnaGreat grandmother30.08.187024.09.1891
        114Maria  PavlovnaMaria PavlovnaGreat grandmother04.02.178611.06.1859
        115Виктория Гессен-ДармштадтскаяВиктория Гессен-ДармштадтскаяGreat grandmother05.04.186324.09.1950
        116Надежда  ИскандерНадежда ИскандерGreat grandmother00.00.186100.00.1929
        117Olga  Constantinovna of RussiaOlga Constantinovna of RussiaGreat grandmother03.09.185118.06.1926
        118Natalia  PouchkinaNatalia PouchkinaGreat grandmother23.05.183614.05.1913
        119Александра ФёдоровнаАлександра ФёдоровнаGreat grandmother13.07.179801.11.1860
        120Elisabeth of  RomaniaElisabeth of RomaniaCousin12.10.189414.11.1956
        121Maria of YugoslaviaMaria of YugoslaviaCousin06.01.190022.06.1961
        122Тихон Куликовский-РомановТихон Куликовский-РомановCousin25.08.191708.04.1993
        123Князь Никита АлександровичКнязь Никита АлександровичCousin16.01.190012.09.1974
        124Князь Роман ПетровичКнязь Роман ПетровичCousin17.10.189623.10.1978
        125George BrasovGeorge BrasovCousin06.08.191021.07.1931
        126
        Наталья МамонтоваCousin00.00.190300.00.1969
        127Князь Андрей АлександровичКнязь Андрей АлександровичCousin24.01.189708.05.1981
        128Кирилл  АндросовКирилл АндросовCousin05.12.191507.02.1992
        129Ростислав АлександровичРостислав АлександровичCousin24.11.190231.07.1978
        130Alexandrine  of Mecklenburg-SchwerinAlexandrine of Mecklenburg-SchwerinCousin24.12.187912.12.1952
        131Helen of Greece and DenmarkHelen of Greece and DenmarkCousin02.05.189628.11.1982
        132Князь Дмитрий АлександровичКнязь Дмитрий АлександровичCousin15.08.190107.07.1980
        133Татьяна РомановаТатьяна РомановаCousin10.06.189717.07.1918
        134Великая княжна Мария НиколаевнаВеликая княжна Мария НиколаевнаCousin26.06.189917.07.1918
        135Dmitri  PavlovichDmitri PavlovichCousin06.09.189105.03.1942
        136Lennart  BernadotteLennart BernadotteCousin08.05.190921.12.2004
        137Cecilie  Mecklenburg Schwerin, DuchessCecilie Mecklenburg Schwerin, DuchessCousin20.09.188606.05.1954
        138Ольга  НиколаевнаОльга НиколаевнаCousin15.11.189517.07.1918
        139Надежда  РомановаНадежда РомановаCousin15.03.189821.04.1988
        140Irina YusupovaIrina YusupovaCousin21.03.191530.08.1983
        141Марина  РомановаМарина РомановаCousin11.03.189215.05.1981
        142Prince Vasili AlexandrovichPrince Vasili AlexandrovichCousin07.07.190724.06.1989
        143Princess IrenePrincess IreneCousin13.02.190415.04.1974
        144Гурий  КуликовскийГурий КуликовскийCousin23.04.191911.09.1984
        145Георг IIГеорг IICousin19.07.189001.04.1947
        146Peter Wooldridge TownsendPeter Wooldridge TownsendEmployee22.11.191419.06.1995
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